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Torque Converter

Viscous fluid coupling between rotating driveline shafts

  • Torque Converter block

Libraries:
Simscape / Driveline / Couplings & Drives

Description

The Torque Converter block models a torque converter. The Torque Converter block has two mechanical rotational conserving ports that are associated with the impeller and turbine, respectively. The block transfers torque and angular velocity between the impeller port I and turbine port T by acting as a lookup table. The block can simulate drive (power flows from I port to T port) and coast (power flows from T port to I port) modes.

Limitations

When Coast mode modeling is set to Continuous:

  • The impeller shaft must always rotate in a positive direction. Simulation is not valid for ωI < 0.

  • If you drive the Torque Converter block by using a torque source, such as the Generic Engine block, you must include an inertia in the source to represent the engine, shaft inertia, or other source components. To ensure that the impeller starts by rotating in a positive direction, set the initial speed for this inertia to a positive value.

Ports

Conserving

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Mechanical rotational conserving port associated with the impeller.

Mechanical rotational conserving port associated with turbine.

Parameters

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Torque Characteristics

Modeling type of the torque converter specified as either Two-mode or Continuous. The Continuous modeling type supports both drive and coast modes but has reduced accuracy and robustness when modeling near the transition between coasting and driving modes. Therefore, if the simulation involves a coast mode, use the Two-mode modeling type due to its better robustness and accuracy when modeling the coast mode.

Speed ratios, Rω, of the drive mode. The vector elements must be in ascending order starting at 0 and ending at 1.

Rω=ωT/ωI

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Two-mode.

Torque ratios, Rτ, of the drive mode. Each element of the vector must be greater than or equal to 1, and the last element must be 1.

Rτ=τT/τI

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Two-mode.

Capacity factors,K*, of the drive mode. Each element of the vector must be nonnegative, and the last element must be 0.

K*=τI/ωI2

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Two-mode.

Speed ratios, R^ω, of the coast mode. The vector elements must be in ascending order starting at 0 and ending at 1.

R^ω=ωI/ωT

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Two-mode.

Capacity factors, K^*, of the coast mode. Each element of the vector must be nonnegative, and the last element must be 0.

K^*=τT/ωT2

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Two-mode.

Interpolation method of the lookup function, specified as either Linear or Smooth. The method interpolates torque ratio and capacity factor functions between the discrete relative velocity values within the definition range. For more information about Linear and Smooth, see tablelookup.

Extrapolation method of the lookup function, specified as Linear, Smooth, or Error. The method extrapolates torque ratio and capacity factor functions. For more information about Linear, Smooth, and Error, see tablelookup.

Initial mode of the simulation, specified as either Drive mode or Coast mode.

Mode transition threshold of the simulation. Setting a threshold for the mode transition can increase the simulation robustness by avoiding the high frequency mode switching.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Two-mode.

Speed ratios, Rω, of the torque converter. Each element of the vector must be in ascending order and in the range [0,1].

Rω=ωT/ωI

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Continuous.

Torque ratios, Rτ, of the torque converter. Each element of the vector must be positive.

Rτ=τT/τI

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Continuous.

Definition of the capacity factor of the converter, defined as either Ratio of speed to square root of impeller torque or Ratio of impeller torque to square of speed. The setting of this parameter affects the Capacity factor vector.

  • For Ratio of speed to square root of impeller torque parameter:

    K=ω/τI

  • For Ratio of impeller torque to square of speed parameter:

    K*=τI/ω2

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Continuous.

Choice of speed for the capacity factor definition, specified as either Always impeller speed or Turbine speed for speed ratios greater than one.

  • Always impeller speed: Use impeller speed ωI for all values of Rω.

  • Turbine speed for speed ratios greater than one: Use impeller speed ωI for all values of Rω < 1, and use turbine speed ωT when Rω > 1.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Continuous.

Capacity factors of the converter. You can define the capacity factor as:

Capacity factor

K=ω/τI

Set Capacity factor parameterization parameter to Ratio of speed to square root of impeller torque.

K*=τI/ω2

Set Capacity factor parameterization parameter to Ratio of impeller torque to the square of the speed. The default value is 1e-3 * [6.616, 6.048, 5.787, 5.384, 4.681, 3.779, 2.671, 2.047, 1.111, .4] N*m/(rad/s)^2.

Note

If you do not specify capacity factor data for a speed ratio of 1, the block uses a capacity factor value of 10*KMax, where KMax is the maximum value in the specified capacity factor vector. The corresponding torque ratio is assumed to be 0. For all other speed ratio values not explicitly specified in the lookup table data, the block uses the interpolation or extrapolation method selected in the block property inspector.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Coast mode modeling to Continuous.

Dynamics

To enable the Dynamics, set the Coast mode modeling parameter to Continuous.

Transmission lag setting, specified as either No lag – Suitable for HIL simulation or Specify time constant and initial value.

  • No lag – Suitable for HIL simulation: Torque transfer is instantaneous.

    When there is no time lag, the input impeller torque, τI, and output turbine torque, τT, are:

    τI=sgn(1ωT/ωI)(ωI/K)2

    τT=τTRτ

  • Specify time constant and initial value: Torque is transferred with a time lag. If you select this option, you can specify the Torque transmission time constant and Initial turbine-to-impeller torque ratio parameters.

    Note

    For optimal simulation performance, select No lag - Suitable for HIL simulation.

Torque transmission time. The time lag increases model fidelity but reduces simulation performance. See Adjust Model Fidelity for more information.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Model transmission lag to Specify time constant and initial value.

Initial torque ratio of the turbine to the impeller.

You can optionally include the effect of torque transmission time lag that is caused by internal fluid flow and compressibility. Instead of τT and τI being instantaneously constrained to one another, a first-order time lag introduces a delayed response in the impeller torque:

tc(dτI/dt)+τI=τI(steadystate)

The preceding instantaneous function of the capacity factor K determines the steady-state value of τI.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Model transmission lag to Specify time constant and initial value.

References

[1] Society of Automotive Engineers, Hydrodynamic Drive Test Code (Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice), SAE J643, Dec 2018.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Version History

Introduced in R2011a