i am currently trying to detect sickle cell using this code which i got from the MATLAB answer. The code run well, but it didn't detect the exact sickle cell. maybe because of the value parameter. where should i adjust the parameter value?

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% Startup code.
tic; % Start timer.
clc; % Clear command window.
clearvars; % Get rid of variables from prior run of this m-file.
fprintf('Running SickleDemo.m...\n'); % Message sent to command window.
workspace; % Make sure the workspace panel with all the variables is showing.
imtool close all; % Close all imtool figures.
format long g;
format compact;
captionFontSize = 14;
[fn, pn] = uigetfile('sickle cell.bmp','select bitmap file');
fullFileName = strcat(pn,fn);
if ~exist(fullFileName, 'file')
% It doesn't exist in the current folder.
% Look on the search path.
if ~exist(baseFileName, 'file')
% It doesn't exist on the search path either.
% Alert user that we can't find the image.
warningMessage = sprintf('Error: the input image file\n%s\nwas not found.\nClick OK to exit the demo.', fullFileName);
uiwait(warndlg(warningMessage));
fprintf(1, 'Finished running SickleDemo.m.\n');
return;
end
% Found it on the search path. Construct the file name.
fullFileName = baseFileName; % Note: don't prepend the folder.
end
% If we get here, we should have found the image file.
originalImage = imread(fullFileName);
% Check to make sure that it is grayscale, just in case the user substituted their own image.
[rows, columns, numberOfColorChannels] = size(originalImage);
if numberOfColorChannels > 1
promptMessage = sprintf('Your image file has %d color channels.\nThis program was designed for grayscale images.\nDo you want me to convert it to grayscale for you so you can continue?', numberOfColorChannels);
button = questdlg(promptMessage, 'Continue', 'Convert and Continue', 'Cancel', 'Convert and Continue');
if strcmp(button, 'Cancel')
fprintf(1, 'Finished running SickleDemo.m.\n');
return;
end
% Do the conversion using standard book formula
hsv = rgb2hsv(im2double(originalImage));
end
% Display the grayscale image.
mask = hsv(:,:,2) > 0.2;
mask_remove = bwareaopen(mask, 100);
mask_fill = imfill(mask_remove, 'holes');
se = strel('square', 7);
mask_final = imdilate(mask_fill, se);
mask_final = repmat(mask_final, [1 1 3]);
originalImage= originalImage .* uint8(~mask_final);
originalImage(mask_final) = 255;
originalImage = rgb2gray(originalImage);
figure(1);
imshow(originalImage);
% Maximize the figure window.
set(gcf, 'units','normalized','outerposition',[0 0 1 1]);
% Force it to display RIGHT NOW (otherwise it might not display until it's all done, unless you've stopped at a breakpoint.)
drawnow;
caption = sprintf('Grey image');
title(caption, 'FontSize', captionFontSize);
axis image; % Make sure image is not artificially stretched because of screen's aspect ratio.
% its histogram and display it.
[pixelCount, grayLevels] = imhist(originalImage);
figure(2);
bar(pixelCount);
title('Histogram of original image', 'FontSize', captionFontSize);
xlim([0 grayLevels(end)]); % Scale x axis manually.
grid on;
% Threshold the image to get a binary image (only 0's and 1's) of class "logical."
% using a logical operation.
thresholdValue = 200;
%binaryImage = originalImage > thresholdValue; % Bright objects will be chosen if you use >.
% ========== IMPORTANT OPTION ============================================================
% Use < if you want to find dark objects instead of bright objects.
binaryImage = originalImage < thresholdValue; % Dark objects will be chosen if you use <.
% Do a "hole fill" to get rid of any background pixels or "holes" inside the blobs.
binaryImage = imfill(binaryImage, 'holes');
binaryImage = imclearborder (binaryImage);
binaryImage = bwareaopen(binaryImage, 100);
% Show the threshold as a vertical red bar on the histogram.
hold on;
maxYValue = ylim;
line([thresholdValue, thresholdValue], maxYValue, 'Color', 'r');
% Place a text label on the bar chart showing the threshold.
annotationText = sprintf('Thresholded at %d gray levels', thresholdValue);
% For text(), the x and y need to be of the data class "double" so let's cast both to double.
text(double(thresholdValue + 5), double(0.5 * maxYValue(2)), annotationText, 'FontSize', 10, 'Color', [0 .5 0]);
text(double(thresholdValue - 70), double(0.94 * maxYValue(2)), 'Background', 'FontSize', 10, 'Color', [0 0 .5]);
text(double(thresholdValue + 50), double(0.94 * maxYValue(2)), 'Foreground', 'FontSize', 10, 'Color', [0 0 .5]);
% Display the binary image.
figure(3);
imshow(binaryImage);
title('Binary Image, after thresholding', 'FontSize', captionFontSize);
% Identify individual blobs by seeing which pixels are connected to each other.
% Each group of connected pixels will be given a label, a number, to identify it and distinguish it from the other blobs.
% Do connected components labeling with either bwlabel() or bwconncomp().
labeledImage = bwlabel(binaryImage, 8); % Label each blob so we can make measurements of it
% labeledImage is an integer-valued image where all pixels in the blobs have values of 1, or 2, or 3, or ... etc.
figure(4)%
imshow(labeledImage, []); % Show the gray scale image.
title('Labeled Image, from bwlabel()', 'FontSize', captionFontSize);
% Get all the blob properties.
blobMeasurements = regionprops(labeledImage, originalImage, 'all');
numberOfBlobs = size(blobMeasurements, 1);
% bwboundaries() returns a cell array, where each cell contains the row/column coordinates for an object in the image.
% Plot the borders of all the coins on the original grayscale image using the coordinates returned by bwboundaries.
figure(5);
imshow(originalImage);
title('Outlines, from bwboundaries()', 'FontSize', captionFontSize);
axis image; % Make sure image is not artificially stretched because of screen's aspect ratio.
hold on;
boundaries = bwboundaries(binaryImage);
numberOfBoundaries = size(boundaries, 1);
for k = 1 : numberOfBoundaries
thisBoundary = boundaries{k};
plot(thisBoundary(:,2), thisBoundary(:,1), 'g', 'LineWidth', 2);
end
hold off;
textFontSize = 10; % Used to control size of "blob number" labels put atop the image.
labelShiftX = -7; % Used to align the labels in the centers of the coins.
blobECD = zeros(1, numberOfBlobs);
% Print header line in the command window.
fprintf(1,'Blob # Mean Intensity Area Perimeter Centroid Diameter\n');
% Loop over all blobs printing their measurements to the command window.
for k = 1 : numberOfBlobs % Loop through all blobs.
% Find the mean of each blob.
% directly into regionprops.
thisBlobsPixels = blobMeasurements(k).PixelIdxList; % Get list of pixels in current blob.
meanGL = mean(originalImage(thisBlobsPixels)); % Find mean intensity (in original image!)
meanGL2008a = blobMeasurements(k).MeanIntensity; % Mean again, but only for version >= R2008a
blobArea = blobMeasurements(k).Area; % Get area.
blobPerimeter = blobMeasurements(k).Perimeter; % Get perimeter.
blobCentroid = blobMeasurements(k).Centroid; % Get centroid one at a time
blobECD(k) = sqrt(4 * blobArea / pi); % Compute ECD - Equivalent Circular Diameter.
fprintf(1,'#%2d %17.1f %11.1f %8.1f %8.1f %8.1f % 8.1f\n', k, meanGL, blobArea, blobPerimeter,blobCentroid, blobECD(k));
% Put the "blob number" labels on the "boundaries" grayscale image.
text(blobCentroid(1) + labelShiftX, blobCentroid(2), num2str(k), 'FontSize', textFontSize, 'FontWeight', 'Bold');
end
%another way to get centroids.
% We can get the centroids of ALL the blobs into 2 arrays,
% one for the centroid x values and one for the centroid y values.
allBlobCentroids = [blobMeasurements.Centroid];
centroidsX = allBlobCentroids(1:2:end-1);
centroidsY = allBlobCentroids(2:2:end);
% Put the labels on the rgb labeled image also.
%subplot(2, 2, 3);
%figure(4);
for k = 1 : numberOfBlobs % Loop through all blobs.
text(centroidsX(k) + labelShiftX, centroidsY(k), num2str(k), 'FontSize', textFontSize, 'FontWeight', 'Bold');
end
% Now I'll demonstrate how to select certain blobs based using the ismember() function.
% Let's say that we wanted to find only those blobs
% with an intensity between 150 and 220 and an area less than 2000 pixels.
% This would give us the three brightest dimes (the smaller coin type).
allBlobIntensities = [blobMeasurements.MeanIntensity];
allBlobAreas = [blobMeasurements.Area];
% Get a list of the blobs that meet our criteria and we need to keep.
% These will be logical indices - lists of true or false depending on whether the feature meets the criteria or not.
% for example [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, .....]. Elements 1, 4, 5, 7, ... are true, others are false.
allowableIntensityIndexes = (allBlobIntensities > 150) & (allBlobIntensities < 220);
allowableAreaIndexes = allBlobAreas < 2000; % Take the small objects.
% Now let's get actual indexes, rather than logical indexes, of the features that meet the criteria.
% for example [1, 4, 5, 7, .....] to continue using the example from above.
keeperIndexes = find(allowableIntensityIndexes & allowableAreaIndexes);
% Extract only those blobs that meet our criteria, and
% eliminate those blobs that don't meet our criteria.
% Note how we use ismember() to do this. Result will be an image - the same as labeledImage but with only the blobs listed in keeperIndexes in it.
keeperBlobsImage = ismember(labeledImage, keeperIndexes);
% Re-label with only the keeper blobs kept.
labeledDimeImage = bwlabel(keeperBlobsImage, 8); % Label each blob so we can make measurements of it
% Now we're done. We have a labeled image of blobs that meet our specified
% criteria.
% Plot the centroids in the original image in the upper left.
% Dimes will have a red cross, nickels will have a blue X.
message = sprintf('Now I will plot the centroids over the original image.');
reply = questdlg(message, 'Plot Centroids?', 'OK', 'Cancel', 'Cancel');
% Note: reply will = '' for Upper right X, 'OK' for OK, and 'Cancel' for Cancel.
if strcmpi(reply, 'Cancel')
return;
end
%subplot(2, 2, 1);
figure(6);
imshow(originalImage);
RBC = 0;
Sickle = 0;
hold on; % Don't blow away image.
for k = 1 : numberOfBlobs % Loop through all keeper blobs.
% Identify if blob #k is a sickle or nickel.
itsADime = allBlobAreas(k) < 240; % sickle are small.
if itsADime
% Plot dimes with a green +.
plot(centroidsX(k), centroidsY(k), 'g+', 'MarkerSize', 10, 'LineWidth', 2);
Sickle = Sickle + 1;
else
% Plot dimes with a yellow x.
plot(centroidsX(k), centroidsY(k), 'yx', 'MarkerSize', 10, 'LineWidth', 2);
RBC = RBC + 1;
end
end
disp(['RBC = ' num2str(RBC)]) ;
disp(['Sickle = ' num2str(Sickle)]) ;
h = msgbox(cat(1, {'Cells counting succeeded.'}, {'No. of Red Blood cells :'}, num2str(RBC), {'No. of Sickle Cell :'}, num2str(Sickle)), 'Success');
% Now use the keeper blobs as a mask on the original image.
% This will let us display the original image in the regions of the keeper blobs.
maskedImageDime = originalImage; % Simply a copy at first.
maskedImageDime(~keeperBlobsImage) = 0; % Set all non-keeper pixels to zero.
% Now let's get the nickels (the larger coin type).
keeperIndexes = find(allBlobAreas > 2000); % Take the larger objects.
% Note how we use ismember to select the blobs that meet our criteria.
nickelBinaryImage = ismember(labeledImage, keeperIndexes);
% Let's get the nickels from the original grayscale image, with the other non-nickel pixels blackened.
% In other words, we will create a "masked" image.
maskedImageNickel = originalImage; % Simply a copy at first.
maskedImageNickel(~nickelBinaryImage) = 0; % Set all non-nickel pixels to zero.
elapsedTime = toc;
% message = sprintf('Would you like to crop out each coin to individual images?');
% reply = questdlg(message, 'Extract Individual Images?', 'Yes', 'No', 'Yes');
% Note: reply will = '' for Upper right X, 'Yes' for Yes, and 'No' for No.
if strcmpi(reply, 'Yes')
figure; % Create a new figure window.
% Maximize the figure window.
set(gcf, 'Units','Normalized','OuterPosition',[0 0 1 1]);
for k = 1 : numberOfBlobs % Loop through all blobs.
% Find the bounding box of each blob.
thisBlobsBoundingBox = blobMeasurements(k).BoundingBox; % Get list of pixels in current blob.
% Extract out this coin into it's own image.
subImage = imcrop(originalImage, thisBlobsBoundingBox);
% Determine if it's a dime (small) or a nickel (large coin).
if blobMeasurements(k).Area > 230
coinType = 'Red Blood Cell';
else
coinType = 'Sickle Cell';
end
% Display the image with informative caption.
subplot(3, 4, k);
imshow(subImage);
caption = sprintf('Coin #%d is a %s.\nDiameter = %.1f pixels\nArea = %d pixels', ...
k, coinType, blobECD(k), blobMeasurements(k).Area);
title(caption, 'FontSize', textFontSize);
end
  3 comentarios
John D'Errico
John D'Errico el 2 de Oct. de 2017
Contact the person you got the code from. It is virtually impossible to answer this question for someone else who did not write the code.

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