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Sum all elements of a vector or matrix without using sum()
Write a function that computes the sum of all elements of the input array v without using the built-in sum function. The input ...

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Compute the Euclidean Distance Between Two N-Dimensional Vectors
Write a function that computes the Euclidean distance between two N-dimensional vectors. Given two input vectors x and z of equ...

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Calculating the Total Resistance in a Series Circuit
Description: In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. This problem asks you to write ...

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Simulate full-stop emergency braking scenario.
Emergency braking events demand rapid deceleration to bring the vehicle safely to rest. Given initial vehicle speed and constant...

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Estimating Monthly Electricity Cost for a Household Appliance
You recently bought an electric kettle for your kitchen, and you want to estimate how much it costs to run every month. The kett...

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Voltage Divider Calculation
A voltage divider is a simple circuit used to obtain a reduced voltage from a higher voltage source using two resistors in serie...

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LED Current Calculation
In an electrical circuit, the current (III) flowing through an LED is determined using Ohm’s Law: Where: I is the current ...

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Inductor Energy Storage Calculation
The energy (EEE) stored in an inductor is given by the formula: Where: E is the energy in joules (J) L is the inductance in...

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Calculate Charge Using Capacitance and Voltage
The charge (Q) stored in a capacitor is given by the formula:Q=C×V where: C is the capacitance (in farads) V is the voltage (...

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Energy Stored in a Capacitor
The energy (E) stored in a capacitor is given by the formula: where: C is the capacitance (in farads) V is the voltage (in ...

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Calculate Current in a Series Circuit Using KVL
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the sum of voltages around a closed loop is zero. Given a voltage source (V) and three...

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Simple Electrical Power Calculation
Calculate the electrical power using the formula: P=V×I where: V is the voltage (in volts) I is the current (in amperes)

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Estimating Battery Lifetime Based on Load Profile and Depth of Discharge (DoD)
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the lifetime of a battery depends on various factors, including the Depth of Discharge (Do...

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Estimating the Range of an Electric Vehicle (EV)
In Electric Vehicles (EVs), the driving range is the estimated distance a vehicle can travel on a fully charged battery. The ran...

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Estimating Battery Backup Time for an Inverter
In a Battery Management System (BMS), estimating the backup time of a battery-powered inverter helps determine how long it can s...

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Battery Charge Rate Calculation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the charge rate () of a battery can be calculated using the formula: where: is th...

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Battery State of Health (SoH) Calculation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the State of Health (SoH) of a battery is an indicator of its overall condition. It is cal...

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Battery Charge Efficiency Calculation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the efficiency of battery charging can be estimated using the formula: where: is the...

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Battery Voltage Drop Estimation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the voltage drop (V_drop) due to the load can be calculated using the formula:V_drop=I×R ...

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Battery Discharge Time Estimation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the estimated discharge time (T) of a battery can be calculated as: where: is the ...

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State of Charge (SoC) Estimation for a Battery
The State of Charge (SoC) of a battery represents its remaining charge as a percentage. It can be calculated using the formula: ...

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Battery Life Estimation for a Device
A battery-powered device consumes a constant current while operating. The estimated battery life (T) can be calculated using the...

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Fives Begone
Given any sentence as an input value 'sentence', turn all fives into the letter X and return the improved sentence. Also, turn a...

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Estimate brake line pressure required for a given force.
Hydraulic braking systems amplify pedal input to generate braking force. Given braking force and piston area, compute the hydrau...

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Compute the required brake torque at wheel to stop the car
Brake torque defines how effectively braking force translates into wheel deceleration. Given braking force and wheel radius, det...

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Compute braking force using vehicle mass and acceleration.
Compute braking force required to stop a vehicle of mass 'm' and with acceleration 'a' Remember: F = m × a.

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Compute vehicle stopping distance using initial speed and constant deceleration.
Given vehicle speed v (m/s) and constant deceleration a (m/s²), compute stopping distance Remember: d = v² / (2a)

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A Fiveless Factorial
Given a positive integer x, compute its factorial y, but exclude any muliplication by five if applicable.

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Don't Sum a Five
Create a function that sums the first and last element of a muti-element vector unless the value of one of the elements is 5. Do...

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Don't Include a Five (Part Two)
Given a vector A with at least one non-five, return vector B, with all fives excluded (not replaced by zeros).

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