GeographicPostingsReference

Reference raster postings to geographic coordinates

Description

For a 2-D raster of posting point samples, a GeographicPostingsReference object describes the relationship between the intrinsic coordinate system for the raster and a geographic coordinate system. The object associates each element of the raster with a location in geographic coordinates.

A GeographicPostingsReference object assumes that the associated raster is sampled regularly in latitude and longitude, and that the rows and columns of the raster align with meridians and parallels, respectively. The sample spacing from row to row does not need to equal the sample spacing from column to column.

This image illustrates a 9-by-11 raster of postings in geographic coordinates. The postings are spaced 1 degree apart in latitude and longitude, cover longitude values in the range [40,50] in degrees, and cover latitude values in the range [20,28] in degrees. The boundary of the raster of postings is a geographic quadrangle with edges that pass through the outermost postings.

To reference a raster of cells to geographic coordinates, use a GeographicCellsReference object instead.

Creation

You can use these functions to create GeographicPostingsReference objects:

• readgeoraster — Import a raster data file as an array and a reference object.

• georefpostings — Create a geographic raster reference object by specifying the latitude and longitude limits of the raster and either the size of the raster or the spacing of the postings.

• georasterref — Convert a world file to a geographic raster reference object.

• refmatToGeoRasterReference — Convert a referencing matrix to a geographic raster reference object.

Properties

LatitudeLimits — Latitude limits of the geographic quadrangle bounding the georeferenced raster

[0.5 1.5] (default) | two-element vector

Latitude limits of the geographic quadrangle bounding the georeferenced raster, specified as a two-element vector of the form [southern_limit northern_limit].

Example: [-20 70]

Data Types: double

LongitudeLimits — Longitude limits of the geographic quadrangle bounding the georeferenced raster

[0.5 1.5] (default) | two-element vector

Longitude limits of the geographic quadrangle bounding the georeferenced raster, specified as a two-element vector of the form [western_limit eastern_limit].

Example: [-100 180]

Data Types: double

RasterSize — Number of rows and columns of the raster or image associated with the referencing object

[2 2] (default) | two-element vector of positive integers

Number of rows and columns of the raster or image associated with the referencing object, specified as a two-element vector, [m n], where m represents the number of rows and n the number of columns. For convenience, you can assign a size vector having more than two elements. This enables assignments like R.RasterSize = size(RGB), where RGB is m-by-n-by-3. In cases like this, the object stores only the first two elements of the size vector and ignores the higher (nonspatial) dimensions.

Example: [200 300]

Data Types: double

RasterInterpretation — Geometric nature of the raster

Read-only: 'postings' (default)

This property is read-only.

Geometric nature of the raster, specified as 'postings'.

The value 'postings' indicates that the raster comprises a grid of sample points, where rows or columns of samples run along the edge of the grid. For an m-by-n raster, points with an intrinsic x-coordinate of 1 or n and/or an intrinsic y-coordinate of 1 or m fall right on an edge (or corner) of the raster.

Data Types: char

AngleUnit — Unit of measurement used for angle-valued properties

Read-only: 'degree' (default)

This property is read-only.

Unit of measurement used for angle-valued properties, specified as 'degree'.

Data Types: char

ColumnsStartFrom — Edge from which column indexing starts

'south' (default) | 'north'

Edge from which column indexing starts, specified as 'south' or 'north'.

Example: 'south'

Data Types: char

RowsStartFrom — Edge from which row indexing starts

'west' (default) | 'east'

Edge from which row indexing starts, specified as 'west' or 'east'.

Example: 'east'

Data Types: char

SampleSpacingInLatitude — North-south distance in latitude between adjacent samples in the raster

1 (default) | positive numeric scalar

North-south distance in latitude between adjacent samples (postings) in the raster, specified as a positive numeric scalar. The value is always positive, and is the constant throughout the raster.

Example: 2.5

Data Types: double

SampleSpacingInLongitude — East-west distance in longitude between adjacent samples in the raster

1 (default) | positive numeric scalar

East-west distance in longitude between adjacent samples (postings) in the raster, specified as a positive numeric scalar. The value is always positive, and is the constant throughout the raster.

Example: 2.5

Data Types: double

RasterExtentInLatitude — Latitude extent ("height") of the quadrangle covered by the raster

Read-only: 1 (default) | positive numeric scalar

This property is read-only.

Latitude extent ("height") of the quadrangle covered by the raster, specified as a positive numeric scalar.

Data Types: double

RasterExtentInLongitude — Longitude extent ("width") of the quadrangle covered by the raster

Read-only: 1 (default) | positive numeric scalar

This property is read-only.

Longitude extent ("width") of the quadrangle covered by the raster, specified as a positive numeric scalar.

Data Types: double

XIntrinsicLimits — Raster limits in intrinsic x coordinates

Read-only: [1 2] (default) | two-element row vector of positive integers

This property is read-only.

Raster limits in intrinsic x coordinates, specified as a two-element row vector of positive integers, [xMin xMax]. For an m-by-n raster, XIntrinsicLimits equals [1 m], because the RasterInterpretation is 'postings'.

Data Types: double

YIntrinsicLimits — Raster limits in intrinsic y coordinates

Read-only: [1 2] (default) | two-element row vector of positive integers

This property is read-only.

Raster limits in intrinsic y coordinates, specified as a two-element row vector of positive integers, [yMin yMax]. For an m-by-n raster, YIntrinsicLimits equals [1 m], because the RasterInterpretation is 'postings'.

Data Types: double

CoordinateSystemType — Type of coordinate system to which the image or raster is referenced

Read-only: 'geographic' (default) | two-element row vector of positive integers

This property is read-only.

Type of coordinate system to which the image or raster is referenced, specified as 'geographic'.

Data Types: char

GeographicCRS — Geographic coordinate reference system

[] (default) | geocrs object

Geographic coordinate reference system (CRS), specified as a geocrs object. A geographic CRS consists of a datum (including its ellipsoid), prime meridian, and angular unit of measurement.

Object Functions

contains	Determine if geographic or map raster contains points
cropToBlock	Crop raster reference object to row and column limits of raster
geographicGrid	Geographic coordinates of raster elements
geographicToDiscrete	Convert geographic coordinates to discrete subscripts
geographicToIntrinsic	Transform geographic to intrinsic coordinates
intrinsicToGeographic	Transform intrinsic to geographic coordinates
intrinsicXToLongitude	Convert from intrinsic x to longitude coordinates
intrinsicYToLatitude	Convert from intrinsic y to latitude coordinates
latitudeToIntrinsicY	Convert from latitude to intrinsic y coordinates
longitudeToIntrinsicX	Convert from longitude to intrinsic x coordinates
sizesMatch	Determine if geographic or map raster object and image or raster are size-compatible
worldFileMatrix	Return world file parameters for transformation

Examples

Display Geographic Raster of Regularly Spaced Posting Points

Import elevation data as an array and a GeographicPostingsReference object by using the readgeoraster function. Prepare the data for plotting by specifying the output type as 'double'.

[Z,R] = readgeoraster('n39_w106_3arc_v2.dt1','OutputType','double');

View the properties of the GeographicPostingsReference object.

R

R = 
  GeographicPostingsReference with properties:

              LatitudeLimits: [39 40]
             LongitudeLimits: [-106 -105]
                  RasterSize: [1201 1201]
        RasterInterpretation: 'postings'
            ColumnsStartFrom: 'north'
               RowsStartFrom: 'west'
     SampleSpacingInLatitude: 1/1200
    SampleSpacingInLongitude: 1/1200
      RasterExtentInLatitude: 1
     RasterExtentInLongitude: 1
            XIntrinsicLimits: [1 1201]
            YIntrinsicLimits: [1 1201]
        CoordinateSystemType: 'geographic'
               GeographicCRS: [1×1 geocrs]
                   AngleUnit: 'degree'

Create a map with limits that match the limits of the reference object. Display the elevation data as a surface. Apply a colormap that is appropriate for elevation data.

usamap(R.LatitudeLimits,R.LongitudeLimits)
geoshow(Z,R,'DisplayType','surface')
demcmap(Z)

More About

Intrinsic Coordinate System

An intrinsic coordinate system is a 2-D Cartesian coordinate system where:

• The x-axis is parallel to the rows of the raster. From column to column, the value of x increases by 1. At a posting point sample, the value of x has an integer value that is equal to the column index.

• The y-axis is parallel to the columns of the raster. From row to row, the value of y increases by 1. At a posting point sample, the value of y has an integer value equal to the row index.

Coordinates in an intrinsic coordinate system can correspond to the indices of the raster. For example, when column indexing starts from the north edge of the raster and row indexing starts from the west edge of the raster, the intrinsic coordinates x = 3.0, y = 5.0 correspond to the posting point sample in row 5 and column 3.

Version History

Introduced in R2013b