Constant

Constant value

• 

Libraries:
Simulink / Commonly Used Blocks
Simulink / Sources
DSP System Toolbox / Sources
HDL Coder / Commonly Used Blocks
HDL Coder / Sources

Alternative Configurations of Constant Block:
Eulers Number | Inf | NaN | Negative Inf | One | ...

Description

The Constant block generates a real or complex constant value signal. Use this block to provide a constant signal input. The block generates scalar, vector, or matrix output, depending on:

• The dimensionality of the Constant value parameter

• The setting of the Interpret vector parameters as 1-D parameter

The output of the block has the same dimensions and elements as the Constant value parameter. If you specify for this parameter a vector that you want the block to interpret as a vector, select the Interpret vector parameters as 1-D check box. Otherwise, if you specify a vector for the Constant value parameter, the block treats that vector as a matrix.

Tip

To output a constant enumerated value, consider using the Enumerated Constant block instead. The Constant block provides block parameters that do not apply to enumerated types, such as Output minimum and Output maximum.

Using Bus Objects as the Output Data Type

The Constant block supports nonvirtual buses as the output data type. Using a bus object as the output data type can help simplify your model. If you use a bus object as the output data type, set the Constant value to 0 or to a MATLAB^® structure that matches the bus object.

Using Structures for the Constant Value of a Bus

The structure you specify must contain a value for every element of the bus represented by the bus object. The block output is a nonvirtual bus signal.

You can use the Simulink.Bus.createMATLABStruct to create a full structure that corresponds to a bus.

You can use Simulink.Bus.createObject to create a bus object from a MATLAB structure.

If the signal elements in the output bus use numeric data types other than double, you can specify the structure fields by using typed expressions such as uint16(37) or untyped expressions such as 37. To control the field data types, you can use the bus object as the data type of a Simulink.Parameter object. To decide whether to use typed or untyped expressions, see Control Data Types of Initial Condition Structure Fields.

Setting Configuration Parameters to Support Using a Bus Object Data Type

To enable the use of a bus object as an output data type, before you start a simulation, set Configuration Parameters > Diagnostics > Data Validity > Advanced parameters > Underspecified initialization detection to Simplified. For more information, see Underspecified initialization detection.

Examples

Multiply Constant by Gain

Open and simulate the model named SimpleGain.

mdl = "SimpleGain";
open_system(mdl)
sim(mdl);

This model represents the equation:

$$2*5=10$$

The Constant block provides a constant value of 2 to the Gain block.

The Gain block multiplies its input by 5.

The Display block displays the result of the multiplication.

Extended Examples

Create Nonvirtual Bus from MATLAB Structure

You can use a Constant block to compactly represent a nonvirtual bus with constant-valued elements.

• Open Live Script

Simulating Automatic Climate Control Systems

Simulate an automatic climate control system in a car using Simulink® and Stateflow®.

• Open Model

Bang-Bang Control Using Temporal Logic

Use Stateflow® to model a bang-bang temperature control system for a boiler. The boiler dynamics are modeled in Simulink®.

• Open Model

Simulation of Bouncing Ball

Uses two models of a bouncing ball to show different approaches to modeling hybrid dynamic systems with Zeno behavior. Zeno behavior is informally characterized by an infinite number of events occurring in a finite time interval for certain hybrid systems. As the ball loses energy, the ball collides with the ground in successively smaller intervals of time.

• Open Model

Ports

Output

Port_1 — Constant value

scalar | vector | matrix | N-D array

Constant value, specified as a real or complex valued scalar, vector, matrix, or N-D array. By default, the Constant block outputs a signal whose dimensions, data type, and complexity are the same as those of the Constant value parameter. However, you can specify the output to be any data type that Simulink^® supports, including fixed-point and enumerated data types.

Data Types: single | double | half | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | Boolean | fixed point | enumerated | bus

Parameters

Main

Constant value — Constant output value

scalar | vector | matrix | N-D array

Specify the constant value output of the block.

The default value depends on the block you add.

• 1 — Constant or One block

• 0 — Zero block

• inf — Inf block

• -inf — Negative Inf block

• exp(1) — Eulers Number block

• pi — Pi block

• NaN — NaN block

You can enter any expression that MATLAB evaluates as a matrix, including the Boolean keywords true and false.

If you set Output data type to a bus object, you can specify one of these options:

• A full MATLAB structure corresponding to the bus object

• 0 to indicate a structure corresponding to the ground value of the bus object

For details, see Using Bus Objects as the Output Data Type.

For nonbus data types, Simulink converts this parameter from its value data type to the specified output data type offline, using a rounding method of nearest and overflow action of saturate.

Dependencies

The software ignores the data type of the constant value when Output data type specifies a Simulink.ValueType object.

When this parameter specifies a Simulink.Parameter object and Output data type specifies a Simulink.ValueType object:

• The block uses the minimum, maximum, and data type specified by the Simulink.ValueType object.

• The block uses the unit specified by the Simulink.Parameter object.

• The dimensions and complexity specified by the objects must match.

Programmatic Use

To set the block parameter value programmatically, use the set_param function.

Parameter:	Value
Values:	scalar in quotes | vector in quotes | matrix in quotes | array in quotes
Data Types:	char | string

Interpret vector parameters as 1-D — Treat vectors as 1-D

on (default) | off

Select this check box to output a vector of length N if the Constant value parameter evaluates to an N-element row or column vector.

• When you select this check box, the block outputs a vector of length N, provided the Constant value parameter evaluates to an N-element row or column vector.

• When you clear this check box, the block outputs a matrix of dimension 1-by-N or N-by-1, provided the Constant value parameter evaluates to an N-element row or column vector. For example, the block outputs a matrix of dimension 1-by-N or N-by-1.

Programmatic Use

To set the block parameter value programmatically, use the set_param function.

Parameter:	VectorParams1D
Values:	'on' (default) | 'off'

Sample time — Sampling interval

inf (default) | scalar | vector

Specify the interval between times that the Constant block output can change during simulation, for example, due to tuning the Constant value parameter.

The default value of inf indicates that the block output can never change. This setting speeds simulation and generated code by avoiding the need to recompute the block output.

See Specify Sample Time for more information.

Programmatic Use

To set the block parameter value programmatically, use the set_param function.

Parameter:	SampleTime
Values:	'inf' (default) | scalar in quotes | vector in quotes
Data Types:	char | string

Signal Attributes

Output minimum — Minimum output value for range checking

[] (default) | scalar

Specify the lower value of the output range that the software checks as a finite, real, double, scalar value.

The software uses the minimum to perform:

• Parameter range checking (see Specify Minimum and Maximum Values for Block Parameters) for some blocks.

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges and Enable Simulation Range Checking).

• Automatic scaling of fixed-point data types.

• Optimization of the code that you generate from the model. This optimization can remove algorithmic code and affect the results of some simulation modes such as SIL or external mode. For more information, see Optimize using the specified minimum and maximum values (Embedded Coder).

Tips

Output minimum does not saturate or clip the actual output signal. Use the Saturation block instead.

Dependencies

The software ignores the value of this parameter when Output data type specifies a Simulink.ValueType or Simulink.Bus object. The software uses the minimum values specified by the Simulink.ValueType object or the Simulink.BusElement objects in the Simulink.Bus object instead.

Programmatic Use

To set the block parameter value programmatically, use the set_param function.

Parameter:	OutMin
Values:	'[ ]' (default) | scalar in quotes

Output maximum — Maximum output value for range checking

[] (default) | scalar

Specify the upper value of the output range that the software checks as a finite, real, double, scalar value.

The software uses the maximum value to perform:

• Parameter range checking (see Specify Minimum and Maximum Values for Block Parameters) for some blocks.

• Simulation range checking (see Specify Signal Ranges and Enable Simulation Range Checking).

• Automatic scaling of fixed-point data types.

• Optimization of the code that you generate from the model. This optimization can remove algorithmic code and affect the results of some simulation modes such as SIL or external mode. For more information, see Optimize using the specified minimum and maximum values (Embedded Coder).

Tips

Output maximum does not saturate or clip the actual output signal. Use the Saturation block instead.

Dependencies

The software ignores the value of this parameter when Output data type specifies a Simulink.ValueType or Simulink.Bus object. The software uses the maximum values specified by the Simulink.ValueType object or the Simulink.BusElement objects in the Simulink.Bus object instead.

Programmatic Use

To set the block parameter value programmatically, use the set_param function.

Parameter:	OutMax
Values:	'[ ]' (default) | scalar in quotes

Output data type — Output data type

Inherit: Inherit from 'Constant value' (default) | Inherit: Inherit via back propagation | double | single | half | int8 | int16 | ...

Specify the output data type.

The Data Type Assistant helps you set data attributes. To use the Data Type Assistant, click . For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant.

You can specify any of these options:

• Inherited data type

• Built-in Simulink data type — For example, specify single or uint8. See Data Types Supported by Simulink.

• Fixed-point data type — Use the fixdt function. For example, specify fixdt(1,16,0).

• Enumerated data type — Use the name of the type preceded by Enum:. For example, specify Enum: myEnumType.

• Bus data type — Use the name of the Simulink.Bus object preceded by Bus:. For example, specify Bus: myBusObject.

• Value type (since R2023b) — Use the name of the Simulink.ValueType object preceded by ValueType:. For example, specify ValueType: windVelocity. The value type you specify must have DimensionsMode set to 'Fixed'.

• Custom data type — Use a MATLAB expression that specifies the type. For example, you can specify a Simulink.NumericType object whose DataTypeMode property is set to a value other than 'Fixed-point: unspecified scaling'.

When you specify a Simulink.ValueType or Simulink.Bus object as the data type, the Output minimum and Output maximum parameters of the Constant block are ignored. The software uses the corresponding properties of the Simulink.ValueType object or the Simulink.BusElement objects in the Simulink.Bus object instead. For example, suppose a block sets Output minimum to 0. When the Output data type of the block specifies a ValueType object that has 1 as its minimum, the block uses 1 instead of 0 as its minimum.

Programmatic Use

To set the block parameter value programmatically, use the set_param function.

Parameter:	OutDataTypeStr
Values:	'Inherit: Inherit from 'Constant value'' (default) | 'Inherit: Inherit via back propagation' | 'double' | 'single' | 'half' | 'int8' | 'uint8' | 'int16' | 'uint16' | 'int32' | 'uint32' | 'int64' | 'uint64' | 'boolean' | 'fixdt(1,16)' | 'fixdt(1,16,0)' | 'fixdt(1,16,2^0,0)' | 'Enum: <class name>' | 'Bus: <object name>' | 'ValueType: <object name>' | '<data type expression>'

Lock output data type setting against changes by the fixed-point tools — Prevent fixed-point tools from overriding Output data type

off (default) | on

Select this parameter to prevent the fixed-point tools from overriding the Output data type you specify on the block. For more information, see Use Lock Output Data Type Setting (Fixed-Point Designer).

Programmatic Use

To set the block parameter value programmatically, use the set_param function.

Parameter:	LockScale
Values:	'off' (default) | 'on'

Mode — Category of data to specify

Inherit (default) | Built in | Fixed point | Enumerated | Bus object | Value type | Expression

Select the category of data to specify.

• Inherit — Inheritance rules for data types. Selecting Inherit enables a second menu to the right. Select one of these choices:

  • Inherit from 'Constant value' (default)

  • Inherit via back propagation

• Built in — Built-in data types. Selecting Built in enables a second menu to the right. Select one of these choices:

  • double (default)

  • single

  • half

  • int8

  • uint8

  • int16

  • uint16

  • int32

  • uint32

  • int64

  • uint64

  • boolean

• Fixed point — Fixed-point data types.

• Enumerated — Enumerated data types. Selecting Enumerated enables a text box to the right, where you can enter a class name.

• Bus object — Bus object. Selecting Bus object enables a text box to the right, where you enter the name of a bus object that you want to use to define the structure of the bus. To create or change a bus object, click Edit to the right of the text box.

• Value type (since R2023b) — Value type. Selecting Value type enables a text box to the right, where you enter the name of a value type that you want to use to define the properties of the output signal. To create or change a value type, click Edit to the right of the text box.

• Expression — Expressions that evaluate to data types. Selecting Expression enables a text box to the right, where you can enter the expression.

  Do not specify a bus object as the expression.

Data type override — Specify data type override mode for this signal

Inherit | Off

Select the data type override mode for this signal.

• When you select Inherit, the software inherits the data type override setting from its context, that is, from the block, Simulink.Signal object, or Stateflow^® chart that is using the signal.

• When you select Off, the software ignores the data type override setting of its context and uses the fixed-point data type specified for the signal.

For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, click the Show data type assistant button, and set the Mode to Built in or Fixed point.

Tips

The ability to turn off data type override for an individual data type provides greater control over the data types in your model when you apply data type override. For example, you can use this option to ensure that data types meet the requirements of downstream blocks regardless of the data type override setting.

Signedness — Specify signed or unsigned

Signed (default) | Unsigned

Specify whether the fixed-point data is signed or unsigned. Signed data can represent positive and negative values, but unsigned data represents positive values only.

• Signed, specifies the fixed-point data as signed.

• Unsigned, specifies the fixed-point data as unsigned.

For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set the Mode to Fixed point.

Scaling — Method for scaling fixed-point data

Best precision (default) | Binary point | Slope and bias

Specify the method for scaling your fixed-point data to avoid overflow conditions and minimize quantization errors. For more information, see Specifying a Fixed-Point Data Type.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Mode to Fixed point.

Word length — Bit size of the word that holds the quantized integer

16 (default) | integer from 0 to 32

Specify the bit size of the word that holds the quantized integer. For more information, see Specifying a Fixed-Point Data Type.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Mode to Fixed point.

Fraction length — Specify fraction length for fixed-point data type

0 (default) | scalar integer

Specify fraction length for fixed-point data type as a positive or negative integer. For more information, see Specifying a Fixed-Point Data Type.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Scaling to Binary point.

Slope — Specify slope for the fixed-point data type

2^0 (default) | positive, real-valued scalar

Specify slope for the fixed-point data type. For more information, see Specifying a Fixed-Point Data Type.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Scaling to Slope and bias.

Bias — Specify bias for the fixed-point data type

0 (default) | real-valued scalar

Specify bias for the fixed-point data type as any real number. For more information, see Specifying a Fixed-Point Data Type.

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Scaling to Slope and bias.

Block Characteristics

Data Types	Boolean | bus | double | enumerated | fixed point | half | integer | single
Direct Feedthrough	no
Multidimensional Signals	yes
Variable-Size Signals	no
Zero-Crossing Detection	no

Alternative Configurations

Eulers Number — Constant value of Euler's number (e) in double precision

The Eulers Number block sets Constant value to exp(1). For more information, see exp.

Libraries:
Simulink / Quick Insert / Sources

Inf — Constant scalar representation of positive infinity

The Inf block sets Constant value to inf. For more information, see Inf.

Libraries:
Simulink / Quick Insert / Sources

NaN — Constant scalar representation of "not a number"

The NaN block sets Constant value to NaN. For more information, see NaN.

Libraries:
Simulink / Quick Insert / Sources

Negative Inf — Constant scalar representation of negative infinity

The Negative Inf block sets Constant value to -inf. For more information, see Inf.

Libraries:
Simulink / Quick Insert / Sources

One — Constant value of one

The One block differs from the Constant block in name only.

Libraries:
Simulink / Quick Insert / Sources

Pi — Constant value of pi (π) in double precision

The Pi block sets Constant value to pi. For more information, see pi.

Libraries:
Simulink / Quick Insert / Sources

Zero — Constant value of zero

The Zero block sets Constant value to 0.

Libraries:
Simulink / Quick Insert / Sources

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

HDL Code Generation

Generate VHDL, Verilog and SystemVerilog code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.

HDL Coder™ provides additional configuration options that affect HDL implementation and synthesized logic.

Tunable Parameters

You can use a tunable parameter in a Constant block intended for HDL code generation. For details, see Generate DUT Ports for Tunable Parameters (HDL Coder).

HDL Architecture

Architecture	Parameters	Description
default Constant	None	This implementation emits the value of the Constant block.
Logic Value	None	By default, this implementation emits the character 'Z' for each bit in the signal. For example, for a 4-bit signal, the implementation would emit 'ZZZZ'.
	{'Value', 'Z'}	If the signal is in a high-impedance state, use this parameter value. This implementation emits the character 'Z' for each bit in the signal. For example, for a 4-bit signal, the implementation would emit 'ZZZZ'.
	{'Value', 'X'}	If the signal is in an unknown state, use this parameter value. This implementation emits the character 'X' for each bit in the signal. For example, for a 4-bit signal, the implementation would emit 'XXXX'.

HDL Block Properties

ConstrainedOutputPipeline	Number of registers to place at the outputs by moving existing delays within your design. Distributed pipelining does not redistribute these registers. The default is 0. For more details, see ConstrainedOutputPipeline (HDL Coder).
InputPipeline	Number of input pipeline stages to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained output pipelining can move these registers. The default is 0. For more details, see InputPipeline (HDL Coder).
OutputPipeline	Number of output pipeline stages to insert in the generated code. Distributed pipelining and constrained output pipelining can move these registers. The default is 0. For more details, see OutputPipeline (HDL Coder).

Complex Data Support

This block supports code generation for complex signals.

Restrictions

• The Logic Value implementation does not support the double data type. If you specify this implementation for a constant value of type double, a code generation error occurs.

• Delay balancing does not support a Constant block that has Sample time set to inf when the infinite sample time propagates to the device under test (DUT) output. If there is an infinite sample rate error during HDL code generation, set Sample time to -1.

Simulink.ValueType Object Support

This block supports code generation for Simulink.ValueType object. For more information about value types, see Specify Common Set of Signal Properties as Value Type.

PLC Code Generation
Generate Structured Text code using Simulink® PLC Coder™.

Fixed-Point Conversion
Design and simulate fixed-point systems using Fixed-Point Designer™.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

R2023b: Set Output data type to a Simulink.ValueType object

The Output data type parameter supports Simulink.ValueType objects that have fixed dimensions.

When you specify a value type as the data type of a Constant block, the value type overrides the minimum and maximum specified by the block and the data type of the constant value. The value type validates the dimensions, complexity, and unit of the constant value. When these properties do not match, the software issues a warning or error.

For example, suppose a Constant block has:

• Constant value set to a Simulink.Parameter object with a unit of ft/s

• Output data type set to a Simulink.ValueType object with a unit of m/s

During model compilation, the software issues a warning about the mismatched units. The Constant block uses ft/s as the unit.

For another example, suppose a Constant block has:

• Constant value set to [2 3]

• Output data type set to a Simulink.ValueType object with dimensions of 1

During model compilation, the software issues an error about the mismatched dimensions. Mismatched complexity also results in an error.

The Constant block does not use the description of the value type.

For more information about value types, see Specify Common Set of Signal Properties as Value Type.