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mod

Symbolic modulus after division

Starting in R2020b, mod no longer finds the modulus for each coefficient of a symbolic polynomial. For more information, see Compatibility Considerations.

Description

example

m = mod(a,b) finds the modulus after division. To find the remainder, use rem.

If a is a polynomial expression, then mod(a,b) returns the unevaluated modulus of the polynomial.

Examples

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Find the modulus after division when both the dividend and divisor are integers.

Find the modulus after division for these numbers.

m = [mod(sym(27),4), mod(sym(27),-4), mod(sym(-27),4), mod(sym(-27),-4)]
m = (3-11-3)

Find the modulus after division when the dividend is a rational number, and the divisor is an integer.

Find the modulus after division for these numbers.

m = [mod(sym(22/3),5), mod(sym(1/2),7), mod(sym(27/6),-11)]
m = 

(7312-132)

Find the modulus after division when the dividend is a polynomial expression, and the divisor is an integer. If the dividend is a polynomial expression, then mod returns a symbolic expression without evaluating the modulus.

Find the modulus after division by 10 for the polynomial x3-2x+999.

syms x
a = x^3 - 2*x + 999;
mUneval = mod(a,10)
mUneval = x3-2x+999 mod 10

To evaluate the modulus for each polynomial coefficient, first extract the coefficients of each term using coeffs.

[c,t] = coeffs(a)
c = (1-2999)
t = (x3x1)

Next, find the modulus of each coefficient in c divided by 10. Reconstruct a new polynomial using the evaluated coefficients.

cMod10 = mod(c,10);
mEval = sum(cMod10.*t)
mEval = x3+8x+9

For vectors and matrices, mod finds the modulus after division element-wise. When both arguments are nonscalar, they must have the same size. If one argument is a scalar, the mod function expands the scalar input into an array of the same size as the other input.

Find the modulus after division for the elements of two matrices.

A = sym([27,28; 29,30]);
B = sym([2,3; 4,5]);
M = mod(A,B)
M = 

(1110)

Find the modulus after division for the elements of matrix A and the value 9. Here, mod expands 9 into the 2-by-2 matrix with all elements equal to 9.

M = mod(A,9)
M = 

(0123)

Create two periodic functions that represents sawtooth waves.

Define the sawtooth wave with period T = 2 and amplitude A = 1.5. Create a symbolic function y(x). Use mod functions to define the sawtooth wave for each period. The sawtooth wave increases linearly for a full period, and it drops back to zero at the start of another period.

T = 2;
A = 1.5;
syms y(x);
y(x) = A*mod(x,T)/T;

Plot this sawtooth wave for the interval [-6 6].

fplot(y,[-6 6])

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type functionline.

Next, create another sawtooth wave that is symmetrical within a single period. Use piecewise to define the sawtooth wave that is increasing linearly for the first half of a period, and then decreasing linearly for the second half of a period.

y(x) = piecewise(0 < mod(x,T) <= (T/2), 2*A*mod(x,T)/T,...
                 (T/2) < mod(x,T) <= T, 2*A - 2*A*mod(x,T)/T);

Plot this sawtooth wave for the interval [-6 6].

fplot(y,[-6 6])

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object contains an object of type functionline.

Input Arguments

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Dividend (numerator), specified as a number, symbolic number, variable, polynomial expression, or a vector or matrix of numbers, symbolic numbers, variables, or polynomial expressions. Inputs a and b must be the same size unless one is a scalar. The function expands a scalar input into an array of the same size as the other input.

Divisor (denominator), specified as a number, symbolic number, or a vector or matrix of numbers or symbolic numbers. Inputs a and b must be the same size unless one is a scalar. The function expands a scalar input into an array of the same size as the other input.

More About

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Modulus

The modulus of a and b is

mod(a,b)=ab·floor(ab),

where floor rounds (a / b) toward negative infinity. For example, the modulus of –8 and –3 is –2, but the modulus of –8 and 3 is 1.

If b = 0, then mod(a, b) = mod(a, 0) = 0.

Tips

  • Calling mod for numbers that are not symbolic objects invokes the MATLAB® mod function.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

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See Also

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