First compare the order of the input arguments in
    F = @(f,Re) 2*log10(Re*sqrt(f))-0.8-(1/sqrt(f));
and in
    fCW(k) = fzero( @(f) F( Re(k), f ), 0.05 );
then replace
    fCW(k) = fzero( @(f) F( Re(k), f ), 0.05 );
by
    fCW(k) = fzero( @(f) F( f, Re(k) ), 0.05 );
and the loop will return a vector of numbers
    >> fCW = cssm()
    fCW =
        0.0309    0.0104    0.0093    0.0087    0.0084    0.0081
where
    function    fCW = cssm()
        F = @(f,Re) 2*log10(Re*sqrt(f))-0.8-(1/sqrt(f));  
        Re = linspace(1e4,1e7,6);                         
        fCW = zeros(size(Re));
        for k = 1:length(Re)
            fCW(k) = fzero( @(f) F(f,Re(k)), 0.05 );
        end
    end
 
In response to comment
    [fCW,fB,fSJ,Re] = cssm()
    figure, semilogy( fCW, Re, 'd' )
where
    function    [fCW,fB,fSJ,Re] = cssm()
        F = @(f,Re) 2*log10(Re*sqrt(f))-0.8-(1/sqrt(f));  
        Re = logspace( 4,7,31 );                         
        fCW = zeros(size(Re));
        fB  = zeros(size(Re));
        fSJ = zeros(size(Re));
        for k = 1:length(Re)
            fCW(k) = fzero( @(f) F(f,Re(k)), 0.05);
            fB(k)  = 0.3164/Re(k)^0.25;
            fSJ(k) = 0.25/(log(5.74/Re(k)^0.9))^2;
        end
    end