optbndbybdt

Price bond option from Black-Derman-Toy interest-rate tree

Syntax

[Price,PriceTree] = optbndbybdt(BDTTree,OptSpec,Strike,ExerciseDates,AmericanOpt,CouponRate,Settle,Maturity)

[Price,PriceTree] = optbndbybdt(___,Period,Basis,EndMonthRule,IssueDate,FirstCouponDate,LastCouponDate,StartDate,Face,Options)

Description

[Price,PriceTree] = optbndbybdt(BDTTree,OptSpec,Strike,ExerciseDates,AmericanOpt,CouponRate,Settle,Maturity) calculates the price for a bond option from a Black-Derman-Toy interest-rate tree.

Note

Alternatively, you can use the FixedBondOption object to price fixed-rate bond option instruments. For more information, see Get Started with Workflows Using Object-Based Framework for Pricing Financial Instruments.

[Price,PriceTree] = optbndbybdt(___,Period,Basis,EndMonthRule,IssueDate,FirstCouponDate,LastCouponDate,StartDate,Face,Options) adds optional arguments.

Examples

Price a European Call and Put Option on a Bond

Using the BDT interest-rate tree in the deriv.mat file, price a European call and put option on a 10% bond with a strike of 95. The exercise date for the option is Jan. 01, 2002. The settle date for the bond is Jan. 01, 2000, and the maturity date is Jan. 01, 2003.

Load the file deriv.mat, which provides BDTTree. The BDTTree structure contains the time and forward-rate information needed to price the bond.

load deriv.mat;

Use optbondbybdt to compute the price of the 'Call' option.

[Price,PriceTree] = optbndbybdt(BDTTree,'Call',95,'01-Jan-2002',... 
0,0.10,datetime(2000,1,1),datetime(2003,1,1),1)

Price = 1.7657

PriceTree = struct with fields:
    FinObj: 'BDTPriceTree'
      tObs: [0 1 2 3 4]
     PTree: {[1.7657]  [3.1458 0.7387]  [5.2187 1.6890 0]  [0 0 0 0]  [0 0 0 0]}
    ExTree: {[0]  [0 0]  [1 1 0]  [0 0 0 0]  [0 0 0 0]}

Now use optbndbybdt to compute the price of a 'Put' option on the same bond.

[Price,PriceTree] = optbndbybdt(BDTTree,'Put',95,'01-Jan-2002',... 
0,0.10,datetime(2000,1,1),datetime(2003,1,1),1)

Price = 0.5740

PriceTree = struct with fields:
    FinObj: 'BDTPriceTree'
      tObs: [0 1 2 3 4]
     PTree: {[0.5740]  [0 1.2628]  [0 0 2.8871]  [0 0 0 0]  [0 0 0 0]}
    ExTree: {[0]  [0 0]  [0 0 1]  [0 0 0 0]  [0 0 0 0]}

The PriceTree.ExTree output for the 'Call' and 'Put' option contains the exercise indicator arrays. Each element of the cell array is an array containing 1's where an option is exercised and 0's where it is not.

Input Arguments

BDTTree — Interest-rate tree structure

structure

Interest-rate tree structure, specified by using bdttree.

Data Types: struct

OptSpec — Definition of option

character vector with value 'call' or 'put' | cell array of character vectors with values 'call' or 'put'

Definition of option, specified as a NINST-by-1 cell array of character vectors.

Data Types: char

Strike — Option strike price values

nonnegative integer

Option strike price value, specified as a NINST-by-1 or NINST-by-NSTRIKES depending on the type of option:

• European option — NINST-by-1 vector of strike price values.

• Bermuda option — NINST by number of strikes (NSTRIKES) matrix of strike price values. Each row is the schedule for one option. If an option has fewer than NSTRIKES exercise opportunities, the end of the row is padded with NaNs.

• American option — NINST-by-1 vector of strike price values for each option.

Data Types: double

ExerciseDates — Option exercise dates

datetime array | string array | date character vector

Option exercise dates, specified as a NINST-by-1, NINST-by-2, or NINST-by-NSTRIKES vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors, depending on the type of option:

• For a European option, use a NINST-by-1 vector of dates. For a European option, there is only one ExerciseDates on the option expiry date.

• For a Bermuda option, use a NINST-by-NSTRIKES vector of dates.

• For an American option, use a NINST-by-2 vector of exercise date boundaries. The option can be exercised on any date between or including the pair of dates on that row. If only one non-NaN date is listed, or if ExerciseDates is a NINST-by-1 vector, the option can be exercised between ValuationDate of the stock tree and the single listed ExerciseDates.

To support existing code, optbndbybdt also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

AmericanOpt — Option type

0 European/Bermuda (default) | integer with values 0 or 1

(Optional) Option type, specified as NINST-by-1 positive integer flags with values:

• 0 — European/Bermuda

• 1 — American

Data Types: double

CouponRate — Bond coupon rate

positive decimal value

Bond coupon rate, specified as an NINST-by-1 decimal annual rate or NINST-by-1 cell array, where each element is a NumDates-by-2 cell array. The first column of the NumDates-by-2 cell array is dates and the second column is associated rates. The date indicates the last day that the coupon rate is valid.

Data Types: double | cell

Settle — Settlement date

datetime array | string array | date character vector

Settlement date for the bond option, specified as a NINST-by-1 vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors.

Note

The Settle date for every bond is set to the ValuationDate of the BDT tree. The bond argument Settle is ignored.

To support existing code, optbndbybdt also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

Maturity — Maturity date

datetime array | string array | date character vector

Maturity date, specified as an NINST-by-1 vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors.

To support existing code, optbndbybdt also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

Period — Coupons per year

2 per year (default) | vector

(Optional) Coupons per year, specified as an NINST-by-1 vector.

Data Types: double

Basis — Day-count basis

0 (actual/actual) (default) | integer from 0 to 13

(Optional) Day-count basis, specified as a NINST-by-1 vector of integers.

• 0 = actual/actual

• 1 = 30/360 (SIA)

• 2 = actual/360

• 3 = actual/365

• 4 = 30/360 (PSA)

• 5 = 30/360 (ISDA)

• 6 = 30/360 (European)

• 7 = actual/365 (Japanese)

• 8 = actual/actual (ICMA)

• 9 = actual/360 (ICMA)

• 10 = actual/365 (ICMA)

• 11 = 30/360E (ICMA)

• 12 = actual/365 (ISDA)

• 13 = BUS/252

For more information, see Basis.

Data Types: double

EndMonthRule — End-of-month rule flag

1 (in effect) (default) | nonnegative integer with values 0 or 1

(Optional) End-of-month rule flag is specified as a nonnegative integer using a NINST-by-1 vector. This rule applies only when Maturity is an end-of-month date for a month having 30 or fewer days.

• 0 = Ignore rule, meaning that a bond coupon payment date is always the same numerical day of the month.

• 1 = Set rule on, meaning that a bond coupon payment date is always the last actual day of the month.

Data Types: double

IssueDate — Bond issue date

datetime array | string array | date character vector

(Optional) Bond issue date, specified as an NINST-by-1 vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors.

To support existing code, optbndbybdt also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

FirstCouponDate — Irregular first coupon date

datetime array | string array | date character vector

(Optional) Irregular first coupon date, specified as an NINST-by-1 vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors.

To support existing code, optbndbybdt also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

When FirstCouponDate and LastCouponDate are both specified, FirstCouponDate takes precedence in determining the coupon payment structure. If you do not specify a FirstCouponDate, the cash flow payment dates are determined from other inputs.

LastCouponDate — Irregular last coupon date

datetime array | string array | date character vector

(Optional) Irregular last coupon date, specified as a NINST-by-1 vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors.

To support existing code, optbndbybdt also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

In the absence of a specified FirstCouponDate, a specified LastCouponDate determines the coupon structure of the bond. The coupon structure of a bond is truncated at the LastCouponDate, regardless of where it falls, and is followed only by the bond's maturity cash flow date. If you do not specify a LastCouponDate, the cash flow payment dates are determined from other inputs.

StartDate — Forward starting date of payments

datetime array | string array | date character vector

(Optional) Forward starting date of payments (the date from which a bond cash flow is considered), specified as a NINST-by-1 vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors.

To support existing code, optbndbybdt also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

If you do not specify StartDate, the effective start date is the Settle date.

Face — Face value

100 (default) | nonnegative value | cell array of nonnegative values

(Optional) Face or par value, specified as anNINST-by-1 vector.

Data Types: double

Options — Derivatives pricing options

structure

(Optional) Derivatives pricing options, specified as structure that is created with derivset.

Data Types: struct

Output Arguments

Price — Expected prices of bond option at time 0

matrix

Expected price of the bond option at time 0, returned as a NINST-by-1 matrix.

PriceTree — Structure containing trees of vectors of instrument prices and accrued interest for each node

structure

Structure containing trees of vectors of instrument prices and accrued interest, and a vector of observation times for each node. Values are:

• PriceTree.PTree contains the clean prices.

• PriceTree.tObs contains the observation times.

• PriceTree.ExTree contains the exercise indicator arrays. Each element of the cell array is an array containing 1's where an option is exercised and 0's where it isn't.

More About

Bond Option

A bond option gives the holder the right to sell a bond back to the issuer (put) or to redeem a bond from its current owner (call) at a specific price and on a specific date.

Financial Instruments Toolbox™ supports three types of put and call options on bonds:

• American option: An option that you exercise any time until its expiration date.

• European option: An option that you exercise only on its expiration date.

• Bermuda option: A Bermuda option resembles a hybrid of American and European options. You can exercise it on predetermined dates only, usually monthly.

For more information, see Bond Options.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

R2022b: Serial date numbers not recommended

Although optbndbybdt supports serial date numbers, datetime values are recommended instead. The datetime data type provides flexible date and time formats, storage out to nanosecond precision, and properties to account for time zones and daylight saving time.

To convert serial date numbers or text to datetime values, use the datetime function. For example:

t = datetime(738427.656845093,"ConvertFrom","datenum");
y = year(t)

y =

        2021

There are no plans to remove support for serial date number inputs.