AXI4 Video Frame Buffer
Model connection between two hardware algorithms through external memory
Since R2022b
Libraries:
SoC Blockset /
Memory
Description
The AXI Video Frame Buffer block models a connection between two hardware algorithms through external memory, using full video frame buffers. The protocol is the MathWorks® streaming pixel protocol with back pressure. Also, the reader can ensure that the frame buffer is synchronized with downstream video timings by asserting an FSYNC protocol signal. The datapath includes a Video-DMA (VDMA) engine and the external memory buffers are managed as a circular buffer of full video frames.
This block is equivalent to a Memory Channel block with the
Channel type parameter set to AXI4 Video Frame
Buffer
connected to a Memory Controller block.
Since the memory controller is implicit to the design - you can instantiate several memory blocks that connect to the same memory unit via a memory controller. Valid blocks are:
The maximum number of manager interfaces in a model is 16.
For more information, see AXI4-Stream Video Interface.
Examples
Histogram Equalization Using Video Frame Buffer
Perform histogram equalization with HDMI input and output and using external memory for video frame buffering.
Ports
Input
wrData — Writer data bus signal
scalar | vector | matrix
This signal contains the data to the memory.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| uint8
| uint16
| uint32
| uint64
| Boolean
| fixed point
wrCtrlIn — Writer input control signal
bus
This port represents the protocol from the data producer to the memory channel. The AXI4 Video Frame Buffer block checks this signal when using wrData. To create this control bus, use the SoC Bus Creator block. For more information about bus types, see External Memory Channel Protocols.
Data Types: pixelcontrol
rdCtrlIn — Reader input control signal
bus
This port accepts a bus from a data consumer block, signaling that the consumer block is ready to accept read data. The rdCtrlIn port is a backpressure signal from a data consumer to the memory. To create this control bus, use the SoC Bus Creator block.
Data Types: StreamVideoFSyncS2MBusObj
Output
rdData — Output data signal to data consumer
scalar | vector | matrix
This signal contains the data read from the memory.
Data Types: single
| double
| int8
| int16
| int32
| int64
| uint8
| uint16
| uint32
| uint64
| Boolean
| fixed point
| SoCData
rdCtrlOut — Reader control signal from memory channel to data consumer
bus
This bus represents the protocol bust from the memory channel to the data consumer. To separate the signal from the bus, use the SoC Bus Selector block.
Data Types: pixelcontrol
wrCtrlOut — Writer control signal from memory channel to data producer
bus
This bus represents the protocol bus from the memory channel to the data producer. To separate the signal from the bus, use the SoC Bus Selector block.
Data Types: StreamVideoS2MBusObj
Parameters
Memory simulation — Set simulation timing accuracy
Burst accurate
(default) | Protocol accurate
| Behavioral
Memory simulation provides three levels of timing resolution. Select one of these options:
Burst accurate — Simulates memory contention and high-resolution timing.
Protocol accurate — Simulates AXI4 protocol hand-shaking sequencing and low-resolution timing.
Behavioral — Simulates data transactions only and no timing.
Main
Memory selection — Choose between memory regions
PS memory
(default) | PL memory
Select between processing subsystem (PS) or programming logic (PL) memory.
If the selected board supports only PL memory, then the default value is
PL memory
.If the selected board supports only PS memory or only PL memory, then this parameter is read-only.
If the selected board is not a supported SoC board, then this parameter is not visible.
Region size (bytes) — Size of the allocated memory region, in bytes
calculated
This parameter is read-only.
The size of the region in bytes. This value is calculated as the number of frames multiplied by the frame size multiplied by the size of the data. Define this value by setting the Frame size and Number of Frames parameters on the Main tab, and the Data type and Dimensions parameters on the Signal Attributes tab.
Example: A software frame size of 1024 uint32 defines a buffer of 4096 bytes. If the number of buffers is set to 2, the region size is 8192 bytes.
Frame size — Frame dimensions
1080p HDTV (1920x1080p)
(default)
Select or enter the frame size in a combo box.
Select a frame format from the list or enter frame dimension as a 2 element vector
such as [1920 1080]
.
480p SDTV (720x480p)
576p SDTV (720x576p)
720p HDTV (1280x720p)
1080p HDTV (1920x1080p)
160x120p
320x240p
640x480p
800x600p
1024x768p
1280x768p
1280x1024p
1360x768p
1400x1050p
1600x1200p
1680x1050p
1920x1200p
Number of Frames — Number of buffers in region
3 (default) | integer
Define the number of video frames in the memory.
The memory access has a ring-buffer pattern. The writer can continually write as long as buffers are available. When a buffer is completed, it becomes available for the reader. The writer and reader traverse the buffers in a circular pattern. As long as the writer and reader maintain similar rates, the buffering prevents blockage.
A disparate rate between a reader and a writer slows down the faster device. For example, a slow reader causes the writer to run out of buffers and blocks the writer, effectively slowing down the writer to the reader rate. Likewise, a slow writer causes the reader to run out of buffers and blocks the reader, effectively slowing down the reader to the writer rate.
The Number of Frames parameter must be an integer from 3 to 64.
Burst length — Burst length for memory transactions
256 (default) | scalar
The length of bursts for this connection on the memory bus in units of scalar data. The scalar unit is the packed data type. Specify the burst size for both writer and reader access to the channel.
The channel data is always transferred to the memory model using burst transactions. For the AXI4 configuration, the algorithm logic is responsible for defining the burst through the protocol signals.
The Burst length parameter determines the burst size to the memory, and the rdData signal defines the size of each transfer on the interface.
FIFO depth (number of bursts) — Depth of FIFO for data
8
(default) | scalar
Specify the depth of the data FIFO, in units of bursts. When the writer has no buffers to write to, the FIFO can absorb data until a buffer becomes available. This value is the maximum number of bursts that the FIFO can buffer before it drops data.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Burst accurate under Memory simulation.
FIFO almost-full depth (number of bursts) — Depth of FIFO when backpressure is asserted
6
(default) | scalar
Specify a number that asserts a backpressure signal from the channel to the data source. To avoid dropping data, set a high watermark, allowing the data producer enough time to react to backpressure. This number must be smaller than the FIFO depth.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Burst accurate under Memory simulation.
Clock frequency (MHz) — Interconnect frequency of manager datapath
100
(default)
Specify the frequency of the manager datapath in MHz.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Burst accurate under Memory simulation.
Data width (bits) — Data width of manager datapath
64
(default) | scalar
Specify the data width of the manager datapath to the interconnect controller in bits.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Burst accurate under Memory simulation.
Signal Attributes
Data signalDimensions — Dimensions of video data
[1 3]
(default) | scalar | vector
Specify the dimension for the video data as a whole scalar or vector.
Example: [1 3]
— A pixel represented by three values (for red,
green, and blue).
Example: [1080 1920 3]
— A 1080p frame. The frame includes 1080
lines of 1920 pixels per line, and each pixel is represented by three values (for red,
green, and blue).
Data type — Data type of video pixel
uint8 (default) | uint16 | uint32 | uint64 | fixdt(1,16,0)
Specify the data type of the video pixel. For help, click the ... button and select Data Type Assistant. By default, this value is set to inherit the data type from the source signal.
Sample time — Time interval of sampling
1 (default) | positive scalar | vector
Specify a time interval in seconds to define how often the block updates.
When you do not want the output to have a time offset, specify the
Sample time parameter as a scalar. To add a time offset to the
output, specify the Sample time parameter as a
1
-by-2
vector, where the first element is the
sampling period and the second element is the offset. For more information about
sample times in Simulink®, see Specify Sample Time.
Enable sample packing (last signal dimension as channel) — Pack data on last dimension of signal
on
(default) | off
Select this parameter to enable data packing across the last dimension of the
signal. For example, if the channel data type is uint32
, the
dimensions are [1024 4]
. If you select this sample packing
parameter, then the memory channel generates 1024 read or write transactions of 128
bits. If you clear this sample packing parameter, the memory channel generates 4096
transactions of 32 bits each.
This figure shows how data is aligned for a signal with data type
fixdt10[4x3]
. When the data is packed, three 10-bit words are
concatenated and extended by 2 bits to a 32-bit word. When the data is not packed,
each 10-bit word is extended to a 16-bit word.
This figure shows how data is aligned for a signal with data type
uint8[8x3]
. When the data is packed, three 8-bit words are
concatenated and extended by 8 bits to a 32-bit word. When the data is not packed,
each 8-bit word is represented as an 8-bit sample.
The combined width of the flattened signal must not exceed 512 bits.
Inherit sample time offset — Make reader inherit sample time from writer
on
(default) | off
Select this box to make the reader inherit the sample time offset from the writer. Clear the box to use a different sample time offset from the writer. For more information about sample time offsets, see Sample Time Offset.
Use pixel clock sample times — Use pixel clock sample time
off (default) | on
Select this box to use the pixel clock sample time. To use the pixel clock sample time, you must use scalar pixel dimensions. The pixel clock sample time is relevant only when streaming pixels. If both the reader and the writer are streaming frames, you get an error when checking this box.
Performance
Local MastersView performance plots — Display performance metrics
button
Clicking the button opens performance plots for the local manager in a new window. For more information about performance graphs, see Memory Channel Latency Plots.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Burst accurate under Memory simulation.
View performance plots — Display performance metrics
button
Clicking the button opens the Performance Plots for Memory Controller window. You can then select to plot bandwidth, bursts, or latencies. For more information about performance graphs, see Memory Controller Latency Plots.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Burst accurate under Memory simulation.
Extended Capabilities
HDL Code Generation
Generate VHDL, Verilog and SystemVerilog code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.
Fixed-Point Conversion
Design and simulate fixed-point systems using Fixed-Point Designer™.
Version History
Introduced in R2022b
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