IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTENNA ARRAY(CONCENTRIC CIRCULAR) USING MATLAB FUNCTION IN SIMULINK

Hi

I am tring to implement concentric circular arrays using simulink,phased array toolbox. Narrowband tx and rx array couldn't be used as they don't have concentric circular arrays as i/p , they have only (ura uca ula) .

So I thought as sensor array app gives the .m file of CCA, I can implement it by creating matlab function but they throwing errors.

Simulink does not have enough information to determine output sizes for this block. If you think the errors below are inaccurate, try specifying types for the block inputs and/or sizes for the block outputs.

I have attached the matlab code and block pls look into them and help

MATLAB CODE

function [u,v,x]= cca48ele(n,radius,l2,l4)
shift = 0;


% The multiplication factor for lambda units to meter conversion

if length(n) == 1
    n = n*ones(1, length(radius));
end
Nelements = sum(n);
stop = cumsum(n);
start = stop - n + 1;
actual_pos = zeros(3, Nelements);
for idx = 1:length(n)
    angles = (0:n(idx)-1)*360/n(idx);
    angles = angles + shift;
    shift = sum(angles(1:2))/2;
    pos = [zeros(1, length(angles));cosd(angles);sind(angles)];
    actual_pos(:, start(idx):stop(idx)) = pos*radius(idx);
end
elNormal = [ones(1,Nelements);zeros(1,Nelements)];
Array = phased.ConformalArray('ElementPosition', actual_pos, ...
    'ElementNormal', elNormal,'Taper',[exp(i*l2*0) exp(i*l2*1.5707) exp(i*l2*3.1415) exp(i*l2*4.7123) exp(i*l4*0) exp(i*l4*0.7853) exp(i*l4*1.5707) exp(i*l4*2.356) exp(i*l4*3.1415) exp(i*l4*3.9269) exp(i*l4*4.7123) exp(i*l4*5.4977)]);

% Create an isotropic antenna element
Elem = phased.IsotropicAntennaElement;
Elem.FrequencyRange = [0 28500000000];
Array.Element = Elem;

% Assign Frequencies and Propagation Speed
Frequency = 28500000000;
PropagationSpeed = 300000000;

% Create Figure

% Plot Array Geometry
figure;
viewArray(Array,'ShowNormal',false,...
    'ShowTaper',false,'ShowIndex','None');

% Calculate Steering Weights

Freq3D = 28500000000;
% Find the weights
w = ones(getNumElements(Array), length(Frequency));

% Plot 3d graph
format = 'polar';
figure;
pattern(Array, Freq3D , 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed,...
    'Type','directivity', 'CoordinateSystem', format,'weights', w(:,1));


% Find the weights
w = ones(getNumElements(Array), length(Frequency));

% Plot 2d elevation graph
format = 'polar';
cutAngle = 0;
figure;
pattern(Array, Frequency, cutAngle, -90:90, 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed,...
    'Type', 'directivity', 'CoordinateSystem', format ,'weights', w);

format = 'rectangular';
cutAngle = 0;
figure;
pattern(Array, Frequency, cutAngle, -90:90, 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed,...
    'Type', 'directivity', 'CoordinateSystem', format ,'weights', w);

u=pattern(Array, Freq3D , 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed,...
    'Type','directivity', 'CoordinateSystem', format,'weights', w(:,1));


v=pattern(Array, Frequency, cutAngle, -90:90, 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed,...
    'Type', 'directivity', 'CoordinateSystem', format ,'weights', w);

x=pattern(Array, Frequency, cutAngle, -90:90, 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed,...
    'Type', 'directivity', 'CoordinateSystem', format ,'weights', w);

end

error:

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Code generation is not supported for viewArray.

Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.1223.1301), line 40, column 1:

"viewArray(Array,'ShowNormal',false,..."

Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Code generation is not supported for pattern.

Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.1470.1603), line 52, column 1:

"pattern(Array, Freq3D , 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed,..."

Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Code generation is not supported for pattern.

Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.1608.1741), line 55, column 3:

"pattern(Array, Freq3D , 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed,..."

Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Code generation is not supported for pattern.

Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.1881.2031), line 64, column 1:

"pattern(Array, Frequency, cutAngle, -90:90, 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed"

Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Code generation is not supported for pattern.

Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.2035.2185), line 66, column 3:

"pattern(Array, Frequency, cutAngle, -90:90, 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed"

Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Code generation is not supported for pattern.

Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.2233.2383), line 71, column 1:

"pattern(Array, Frequency, cutAngle, -90:90, 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed"

Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Code generation is not supported for pattern.

Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.2387.2537), line 73, column 3:

"pattern(Array, Frequency, cutAngle, -90:90, 'PropagationSpeed', PropagationSpeed"

Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Errors occurred during parsing of MATLAB function 'cca48/MATLAB Function'

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Simulink cannot determine sizes and/or types of the outputs for block 'cca48/MATLAB Function' due to errors in the block body, or limitations of the underlying analysis. The errors might be inaccurate. Fix the indicated errors, or explicitly specify sizes and/or types for all block outputs.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Simulink cannot determine sizes and/or types of the outputs for block 'cca48/MATLAB Function' due to errors in the block body, or limitations of the underlying analysis. The errors might be inaccurate. Fix the indicated errors, or explicitly specify sizes and/or types for all block outputs.

Component: Simulink | Category: Model error

Error occurred in 'cca48/MATLAB Function'.

Component: Simulink | Category: Model error

These are the errors I am getting.

I think CCA can be implemented using matlab function but I am not able to do, can you pls help me with this.

Thanking you!!!!

Answer 1

[Walter Roberson]

https://www.mathworks.com/help/phased/referencelist.html?type=function&listtype=alpha&category=index&blocktype=all&capability=codegen&s_tid=CRUX_lftnav

viewArray() and pattern() cannot have code generated for them.

Generally speaking, it is common for graphic functions such as pattern() to be considered to be small "applications" -- graphics with behaviour attached, rather than just plain plotting.

Code generation generally does not like to do plotting. To the extent that plotting is possible, you need coder.extrinsic and you need to have rapid acceleration turned off so that everything is interpreted as MATLAB code.

[FARHA KHAN]

Thank you for the response sir.

I will try implementing code.extrensic as this will be my first time and work on it.If I get any doubts on this I will ping here.

If you an example can you send the link or an attachment.

Thanking you.

[FARHA KHAN]

And do you have any other way to implement concentric circular array using narrow band tx and rx arrays

[Walter Roberson]

The challenge you have at the moment is not implementing the array: the challenge you have at the moment is that Simulink does not want to graph the results.

[FARHA KHAN]

yes sir , I got you.

If arrays have cca's then it would be easier.

I will try implementing as guided by you.

[FARHA KHAN]

I have added these few lines of code

coder.extrinsic('Array');

coder.extrinsic('viewArray');

coder.extrinsic('pattern');

But there was still errors

Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.1250.1255), line 40, column 11: "Array" Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Cannot pass an object of a handle class 'phased.ConformalArray' to MATLAB function 'pattern' Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.1495.1500), line 52, column 9: "Array" Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Cannot pass an object of a handle class 'phased.ConformalArray' to MATLAB function 'pattern' Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.1770.1775), line 63, column 9: "Array" Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Cannot pass an object of a handle class 'phased.ConformalArray' to MATLAB function 'pattern' Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.1969.1974), line 69, column 9: "Array" Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Cannot pass an object of a handle class 'phased.ConformalArray' to MATLAB function 'pattern' Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.2124.2129), line 72, column 11: "Array" Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Cannot pass an object of a handle class 'phased.ConformalArray' to MATLAB function 'pattern' Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.2263.2268), line 76, column 11: "Array" Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Cannot pass an object of a handle class 'phased.ConformalArray' to MATLAB function 'pattern' Function 'MATLAB Function' (#54.2418.2423), line 79, column 11: "Array" Launch diagnostic report.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Errors occurred during parsing of MATLAB function 'cca48/MATLAB Function'

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Simulink cannot determine sizes and/or types of the outputs for block 'cca48/MATLAB Function' due to errors in the block body, or limitations of the underlying analysis. The errors might be inaccurate. Fix the indicated errors, or explicitly specify sizes and/or types for all block outputs.

Component: MATLAB Function | Category: Coder error

Simulink cannot determine sizes and/or types of the outputs for block 'cca48/MATLAB Function' due to errors in the block body, or limitations of the underlying analysis. The errors might be inaccurate. Fix the indicated errors, or explicitly specify sizes and/or types for all block outputs.

Component: Simulink | Category: Model error

[Walter Roberson]

I speculate that when you used coder.extrinsic() that Simulink is not able to recognize that you are invoking a method of an object, rather than a stand-alone function.

I do not know how to deal with the situation -- other than not calling pattern() or viewArray()

The only relevant material I find at the moment is https://blogs.mathworks.com/simulink/2014/01/08/simulink-and-matlab-objects/

[FARHA KHAN]

thank you for all the effort