 , or a zero at
, or a zero at  , on the real axis at position
, on the real axis at position  .  And suppose you have a pair of conjugate poles on the root locus at
.  And suppose you have a pair of conjugate poles on the root locus at  .  Draw a line from the real axis pole or zero to the upper pole on the root locus.  The angle betwee this line and the x-axis is
.  Draw a line from the real axis pole or zero to the upper pole on the root locus.  The angle betwee this line and the x-axis is  .
.

