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Logical Indexing With LinSpace Issues

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Lucas Graham
Lucas Graham el 8 de Mzo. de 2023
Comentada: Walter Roberson el 9 de Mzo. de 2023
Logical indexing is missing an equivalence in a linspace array. I have absolutely no idea why or how to fix this. I'm running MATALB R2022b on Windows 11.
Any ideas or help or explanation would be appreciated.
Here is how you can recreate my issue:
X = linspace(0.2,3,29); %Creates an array going from 0.2 -> 3 via steps of 0.1. So 1.3 is in it.
disp(X(12))
1.3000
flag = (X == 1.3);
any(flag) %Yet for some reason 1.3 isn't detected.
ans = logical
0
%Just to be absolutely sure I'm not mad
disp(X(12))
1.3000
X(12) == 1.3
ans = logical
0
% Yet other non-integers still work!
flag = (X == 1.1);
any(flag)
ans = logical
1
  2 comentarios
Lucas Graham
Lucas Graham el 8 de Mzo. de 2023
Thank you for these resources!

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Respuesta aceptada

Star Strider
Star Strider el 8 de Mzo. de 2023
format long
X = linspace(0.2,3,29) %Creates an array going from 0.2 -> 3 via steps of 0.1. So 1.3 is in it.
X = 1×29
0.200000000000000 0.300000000000000 0.400000000000000 0.500000000000000 0.600000000000000 0.700000000000000 0.800000000000000 0.900000000000000 1.000000000000000 1.100000000000000 1.200000000000000 1.300000000000000 1.400000000000000 1.500000000000000 1.600000000000000 1.700000000000000 1.800000000000000 1.900000000000000 2.000000000000000 2.100000000000000 2.200000000000000 2.300000000000000 2.400000000000000 2.500000000000000 2.600000000000000 2.700000000000000 2.800000000000000 2.900000000000000 3.000000000000000
disp(X(12))
1.300000000000000
flag = (X == 1.3);
any(flag) %Yet for some reason 1.3 isn't detected.
ans = logical
0
Check_Equality = 1.3 - X(12)
Check_Equality =
2.220446049250313e-16
%Just to be absolutely sure I'm not mad
disp(X(12))
1.300000000000000
X(12) == 1.3
ans = logical
0
% Yet other non-integers still work!
flag = (X == 1.1);
any(flag)
ans = logical
1
The‘Check_Equality’ assignment demonstrates that the two numbers are actually not equal.
You’re not mad! You just haven’t been introduced to the subtle mysteries of floating-point numeric repreesentation.
See Floating-Point Numbers and Accuracy of Floating-Point Data for an extensive discussion.
.
  2 comentarios
Lucas Graham
Lucas Graham el 8 de Mzo. de 2023
Thank you!
Star Strider
Star Strider el 8 de Mzo. de 2023
My pleasure!
If my Answer helped you solve your problem, please Accept it!
.

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Más respuestas (1)

Chris
Chris el 8 de Mzo. de 2023
Editada: Chris el 8 de Mzo. de 2023
This looks like a problem of computer precision. Double-precision floating point numbers in matlab (and floating-point numbers in general) a̶r̶e̶ ̶n̶o̶t̶ ̶e̶x̶a̶c̶t̶ (edit: are a finite set of discrete values, so they are usually unlikely to exactly match the value we see displayed)
X = linspace(0.2,3,29);
Y = 0.2:0.1:3;
% X(11)==1.2 because the result of the linspace division
% is the same as the double representation for 1.2
sprintf('%.60f\n%.60f',X(11),Y(11))
ans =
'1.199999999999999955591079014993738383054733276367187500000000 1.199999999999999955591079014993738383054733276367187500000000'
% X(12) doesn't equal the double for 1.3.
sprintf('%.60f\n%.60f',X(12),Y(12))
ans =
'1.299999999999999822364316059974953532218933105468750000000000 1.300000000000000044408920985006261616945266723632812500000000'
You can use other comparison operators to test rough equivalence, e.g., (X(12)-1.3) < 1e-14
Here's a bit more information, if you're interested.
  4 comentarios
Lucas Graham
Lucas Graham el 8 de Mzo. de 2023
Editada: Lucas Graham el 8 de Mzo. de 2023
My intuition is that using MATLAB's colon operator to build arrays is less likely to run into float point errors because it probably uses addition instead of division, is that correct?
For example, using like you did 0.2:0.1:3 vs. linspace(0.2,3,29).
Walter Roberson
Walter Roberson el 9 de Mzo. de 2023
No, the opposite. Each time you add two floating point numbers, the round-off error can increase (unless the sequence of operations has been carefully chosen.) The error for 0.1, 0.1+0.1, 0.1+0.1+0.1 is greater than for (1:3)/10

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