STM32 Embedded Coder collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Hello, I want to generate and embed code for my STM34F407G Discovery board, but I get an error even though I do all the steps correctly in the led lighting video in the simple tutorial on the matlab site. I tried many ways but none of them gave correct results. The methods I tried are :

I downloaded and installed Mingw,

I reinstalled MATLAB and all STM related programs,

I made sure the COM port was correct,

I deleted the Include path,

None of these have yielded positive results, please help.

### Starting build procedure for: bling

### Generating code and artifacts to 'Model specific' folder structure

### Generating code into build folder: C:\Users\Kadir\Desktop\Coder\bling_ert_rtw

### Invoking Target Language Compiler on bling.rtw

### Using System Target File: C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2024a\rtw\c\ert\ert.tlc

### Loading TLC function libraries

.......

### Initial pass through model to cache user defined code

.

### Caching model source code

.............................

### Writing header file bling_types.h

.

### Writing header file bling.h

### Writing header file rtwtypes.h

### Writing source file bling.c

### Writing header file bling_private.h

### Writing source file bling_data.c

.

### Writing header file rtmodel.h

### Writing source file ert_main.c

### TLC code generation complete (took 2.321s).

### Saving binary information cache.

### Using toolchain: GNU Tools for ARM Embedded Processors

### 'C:\Users\Kadir\Desktop\Coder\bling_ert_rtw\bling.mk' is up to date

### Building 'bling': "C:\PROGRA~1\MATLAB\R2024a\bin\win64\gmake" -f bling.mk all

C:\Users\Kadir\Desktop\Coder\bling_ert_rtw>cd .

C:\Users\Kadir\Desktop\Coder\bling_ert_rtw>if "all" == "" ("C:\PROGRA~1\MATLAB\R2024a\bin\win64\gmake" -f bling.mk all ) else ("C:\PROGRA~1\MATLAB\R2024a\bin\win64\gmake" -f bling.mk all )

"C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/3P.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc" -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wall -MMD -MP -MF"bling.dep" -MT"bling.o" -c -O0 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mlittle-endian -mthumb-interwork -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -D__MW_TARGET_USE_HARDWARE_RESOURCES_H__ -DUSE_FULL_LL_DRIVER -DSTM32F407xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DMW_TIMEBASESOURCE=TIM5 -DCLASSIC_INTERFACE=0 -DALLOCATIONFCN=0 -DTERMFCN=1 -DONESTEPFCN=1 -DMAT_FILE=0 -DMULTI_INSTANCE_CODE=0 -DINTEGER_CODE=0 -DMT=0 -DTID01EQ=0 -DXCP_CUSTOM_PLATFORM -DXCP_MEM_DAQ_RESERVED_POOL_BLOCKS_NUMBER=10 -D__FPU_PRESENT=1U -D__FPU_USED=1U -DSTACK_SIZE=64 -DRT -DMODEL=bling -DNUMST=1 -DNCSTATES=0 -DHAVESTDIO -DMODEL_HAS_DYNAMICALLY_LOADED_SFCNS=0 @bling_comp.rsp -o "bling.o" "C:/Users/Kadir/Desktop/Coder/bling_ert_rtw/bling.c"

"C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/3P.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc" -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wall -MMD -MP -MF"bling_data.dep" -MT"bling_data.o" -c -O0 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mlittle-endian -mthumb-interwork -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -D__MW_TARGET_USE_HARDWARE_RESOURCES_H__ -DUSE_FULL_LL_DRIVER -DSTM32F407xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DMW_TIMEBASESOURCE=TIM5 -DCLASSIC_INTERFACE=0 -DALLOCATIONFCN=0 -DTERMFCN=1 -DONESTEPFCN=1 -DMAT_FILE=0 -DMULTI_INSTANCE_CODE=0 -DINTEGER_CODE=0 -DMT=0 -DTID01EQ=0 -DXCP_CUSTOM_PLATFORM -DXCP_MEM_DAQ_RESERVED_POOL_BLOCKS_NUMBER=10 -D__FPU_PRESENT=1U -D__FPU_USED=1U -DSTACK_SIZE=64 -DRT -DMODEL=bling -DNUMST=1 -DNCSTATES=0 -DHAVESTDIO -DMODEL_HAS_DYNAMICALLY_LOADED_SFCNS=0 @bling_comp.rsp -o "bling_data.o" "C:/Users/Kadir/Desktop/Coder/bling_ert_rtw/bling_data.c"

"C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/3P.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc" -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wall -MMD -MP -MF"overrideHALDelay.dep" -MT"overrideHALDelay.o" -c -O0 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mlittle-endian -mthumb-interwork -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -D__MW_TARGET_USE_HARDWARE_RESOURCES_H__ -DUSE_FULL_LL_DRIVER -DSTM32F407xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DMW_TIMEBASESOURCE=TIM5 -DCLASSIC_INTERFACE=0 -DALLOCATIONFCN=0 -DTERMFCN=1 -DONESTEPFCN=1 -DMAT_FILE=0 -DMULTI_INSTANCE_CODE=0 -DINTEGER_CODE=0 -DMT=0 -DTID01EQ=0 -DXCP_CUSTOM_PLATFORM -DXCP_MEM_DAQ_RESERVED_POOL_BLOCKS_NUMBER=10 -D__FPU_PRESENT=1U -D__FPU_USED=1U -DSTACK_SIZE=64 -DRT -DMODEL=bling -DNUMST=1 -DNCSTATES=0 -DHAVESTDIO -DMODEL_HAS_DYNAMICALLY_LOADED_SFCNS=0 @bling_comp.rsp -o "overrideHALDelay.o" "C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/toolbox/shared/supportpackages/stm32/src/overrideHALDelay.c"

"C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/3P.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc" -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wall -MMD -MP -MF"platform_timer.dep" -MT"platform_timer.o" -c -O0 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mlittle-endian -mthumb-interwork -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -D__MW_TARGET_USE_HARDWARE_RESOURCES_H__ -DUSE_FULL_LL_DRIVER -DSTM32F407xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DMW_TIMEBASESOURCE=TIM5 -DCLASSIC_INTERFACE=0 -DALLOCATIONFCN=0 -DTERMFCN=1 -DONESTEPFCN=1 -DMAT_FILE=0 -DMULTI_INSTANCE_CODE=0 -DINTEGER_CODE=0 -DMT=0 -DTID01EQ=0 -DXCP_CUSTOM_PLATFORM -DXCP_MEM_DAQ_RESERVED_POOL_BLOCKS_NUMBER=10 -D__FPU_PRESENT=1U -D__FPU_USED=1U -DSTACK_SIZE=64 -DRT -DMODEL=bling -DNUMST=1 -DNCSTATES=0 -DHAVESTDIO -DMODEL_HAS_DYNAMICALLY_LOADED_SFCNS=0 @bling_comp.rsp -o "platform_timer.o" "C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/toolbox/shared/supportpackages/stm32/src/platform_timer.c"

"C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/3P.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc" -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wall -MMD -MP -MF"SysTickScheduler.dep" -MT"SysTickScheduler.o" -c -O0 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mlittle-endian -mthumb-interwork -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -D__MW_TARGET_USE_HARDWARE_RESOURCES_H__ -DUSE_FULL_LL_DRIVER -DSTM32F407xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DMW_TIMEBASESOURCE=TIM5 -DCLASSIC_INTERFACE=0 -DALLOCATIONFCN=0 -DTERMFCN=1 -DONESTEPFCN=1 -DMAT_FILE=0 -DMULTI_INSTANCE_CODE=0 -DINTEGER_CODE=0 -DMT=0 -DTID01EQ=0 -DXCP_CUSTOM_PLATFORM -DXCP_MEM_DAQ_RESERVED_POOL_BLOCKS_NUMBER=10 -D__FPU_PRESENT=1U -D__FPU_USED=1U -DSTACK_SIZE=64 -DRT -DMODEL=bling -DNUMST=1 -DNCSTATES=0 -DHAVESTDIO -DMODEL_HAS_DYNAMICALLY_LOADED_SFCNS=0 @bling_comp.rsp -o "SysTickScheduler.o" "C:/PROGRA~1/MATLAB/R2024a/toolbox/target/shared/armcortexmbase/scheduler/src/SysTickScheduler.c"

"C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/3P.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc" -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wall -MMD -MP -MF"m3m4m4f_multitasking.dep" -MT"m3m4m4f_multitasking.o" -c -O0 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mlittle-endian -mthumb-interwork -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -D__MW_TARGET_USE_HARDWARE_RESOURCES_H__ -DUSE_FULL_LL_DRIVER -DSTM32F407xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DMW_TIMEBASESOURCE=TIM5 -DCLASSIC_INTERFACE=0 -DALLOCATIONFCN=0 -DTERMFCN=1 -DONESTEPFCN=1 -DMAT_FILE=0 -DMULTI_INSTANCE_CODE=0 -DINTEGER_CODE=0 -DMT=0 -DTID01EQ=0 -DXCP_CUSTOM_PLATFORM -DXCP_MEM_DAQ_RESERVED_POOL_BLOCKS_NUMBER=10 -D__FPU_PRESENT=1U -D__FPU_USED=1U -DSTACK_SIZE=64 -DRT -DMODEL=bling -DNUMST=1 -DNCSTATES=0 -DHAVESTDIO -DMODEL_HAS_DYNAMICALLY_LOADED_SFCNS=0 @bling_comp.rsp -o "m3m4m4f_multitasking.o" "C:/PROGRA~1/MATLAB/R2024a/toolbox/target/shared/armcortexmbase/scheduler/src/m3m4m4f_multitasking.c"

"C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/3P.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc" -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wall -MMD -MP -MF"ert_main.dep" -MT"ert_main.o" -c -O0 -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mlittle-endian -mthumb-interwork -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -D__MW_TARGET_USE_HARDWARE_RESOURCES_H__ -DUSE_FULL_LL_DRIVER -DSTM32F407xx -DUSE_HAL_DRIVER -DMW_TIMEBASESOURCE=TIM5 -DCLASSIC_INTERFACE=0 -DALLOCATIONFCN=0 -DTERMFCN=1 -DONESTEPFCN=1 -DMAT_FILE=0 -DMULTI_INSTANCE_CODE=0 -DINTEGER_CODE=0 -DMT=0 -DTID01EQ=0 -DXCP_CUSTOM_PLATFORM -DXCP_MEM_DAQ_RESERVED_POOL_BLOCKS_NUMBER=10 -D__FPU_PRESENT=1U -D__FPU_USED=1U -DSTACK_SIZE=64 -DRT -DMODEL=bling -DNUMST=1 -DNCSTATES=0 -DHAVESTDIO -DMODEL_HAS_DYNAMICALLY_LOADED_SFCNS=0 @bling_comp.rsp -o "ert_main.o" "C:/Users/Kadir/Desktop/Coder/bling_ert_rtw/ert_main.c"

C:/Users/Kadir/Desktop/Coder/bling_ert_rtw/ert_main.c: In function 'main':

C:/Users/Kadir/Desktop/Coder/bling_ert_rtw/ert_main.c:64:3: warning: implicit declaration of function 'SystemClock_Config'; did you mean 'SysTick_Config'? [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]

64 | SystemClock_Config();

| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

| SysTick_Config

C:/Users/Kadir/Desktop/Coder/bling_ert_rtw/ert_main.c:65:3: warning: implicit declaration of function 'PeriphCommonClock_Config' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]

65 | PeriphCommonClock_Config();

| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

"### Creating standalone executable "../bling.elf" ..."

"C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/3P.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++" -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-Map="bling.map" --specs=nano.specs -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mlittle-endian -mthumb-interwork -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard --entry Reset_Handler --specs=nosys.specs -o ../bling.elf @bling.rsp C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/3P.instrset/cmsis_dsp.instrset/Lib/GCC/arm_cortexm4ldfsp_math/libCMSISDSP.a C:/ProgramData/MATLAB/SupportPackages/R2024a/toolbox/shared/supportpackages/stm32/lib/GCC/libmw_pdmfilter_m4_spfp.lib -lm

c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/thumb/v7e-m+fp/hard\libc_nano.a(libc_a-closer.o): in function `_close_r':

/data/jenkins/workspace/GNU-toolchain/arm-11/src/newlib-cygwin/newlib/libc/reent/closer.c:47: warning: _close is not implemented and will always fail

c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/thumb/v7e-m+fp/hard\libc_nano.a(libc_a-lseekr.o): in function `_lseek_r':

/data/jenkins/workspace/GNU-toolchain/arm-11/src/newlib-cygwin/newlib/libc/reent/lseekr.c:49: warning: _lseek is not implemented and will always fail

c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/thumb/v7e-m+fp/hard\libc_nano.a(libc_a-readr.o): in function `_read_r':

/data/jenkins/workspace/GNU-toolchain/arm-11/src/newlib-cygwin/newlib/libc/reent/readr.c:49: warning: _read is not implemented and will always fail

c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/thumb/v7e-m+fp/hard\libc_nano.a(libc_a-writer.o): in function `_write_r':

/data/jenkins/workspace/GNU-toolchain/arm-11/src/newlib-cygwin/newlib/libc/reent/writer.c:49: warning: _write is not implemented and will always fail

c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: startup_stm32f407vgtx.o: in function `LoopFillZerobss':

(.text.Reset_Handler+0x38): undefined reference to `_estack'

c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: (.text.Reset_Handler+0x3c): undefined reference to `_sdata'

c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: (.text.Reset_Handler+0x44): undefined reference to `_sidata'

c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: (.text.Reset_Handler+0x48): undefined reference to `_sbss'

c:/programdata/matlab/supportpackages/r2024a/3p.instrset/gnuarm-armcortex.instrset/win/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/11.3.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld.exe: (.text.Reset_Handler+0x4c): undefined reference to `_ebss'

collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status

gmake: *** [../bling.elf] Error 1

C:\Users\Kadir\Desktop\Coder\bling_ert_rtw>echo The make command returned an error of 2

The make command returned an error of 2

C:\Users\Kadir\Desktop\Coder\bling_ert_rtw>exit /B 1

### Build procedure for bling aborted due to an error.

[Yusuf]

Problem Description and Cause

This error occurs because the linker files are not being generated during the build process. Linker files are critical as they define a processor's memory map and determine where the compiled software will be placed within the processor's memory.

Research indicates that the root cause of this issue is related to the operating system language of the computer where MATLAB is installed. The problem has been observed when the system language is set to anything other than English (e.g., Turkish).

Solution:

To resolve this error, you must change your computer's system language to English and then restart the computer. It has been confirmed that the error is resolved after performing this action.

Answer 1

[Abdulkadir Özden]

I have resolved this issue months later with the help of FİGES, the MATLAB distributor in Turkey. The problem stems from cubeMX. After creating the model and encountering the relevant error, paste the “STM32F407VGTX_RAM.ld” and “STM32F407VGTX_FLASH.ld” files into the cubeIDE file and rebuild. This resolves the issue. This step must be repeated each time.

Answer 2

[Adit Kirtani]

Hi,

It looks like the linker file is not generated, which is why there are undefined references to _sbss, _ebss and so on. It should be located under the STM32CubeIDE folder where the ".ioc" file is saved.

Kindly try generating code from STM32CubeMX manually to see if any errors occur. If the issue still persists, contact Technical Support.

I hope this helps.

Regards,

Adit Kirtani.