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Caracteres y cadenas

Texto en arreglos de caracteres y arreglos de cadenas

Los arreglos de caracteres y los arreglos de cadenas sirven para almacenar datos de texto en MATLAB^®.

Un arreglo de caracteres es una secuencia de caracteres, así como un arreglo numérico es una secuencia de números. Comúnmente, se utiliza para almacenar pequeños fragmentos de texto como vectores de caracteres (por ejemplo, c = 'Hello World').
Un arreglo de cadenas es un contenedor de fragmentos de texto. Los arreglos de cadenas proporcionan un conjunto de funciones para trabajar con texto como datos. A partir de la versión R2017a, es posible crear cadenas con comillas dobles, como str = "Greetings friend". Para convertir datos en arreglos de cadenas, use la función string.

Para obtener más información, consulte Text in String and Character Arrays o vea Uso de arreglos de cadenas para datos de texto.

Funciones

expandir todo

Crear, concatenar y convertir

Arreglos de cadenas

`string`	String array
`strings`	Create string array with no characters
`join`	Combine strings
`plus`	Add numbers, append strings

Arreglos de caracteres

`char`	Character array
`cellstr`	Convert to cell array of character vectors
`blanks`	Create character array of blanks
`newline`	Create newline character

Arreglos de caracteres o cadenas

`compose`	Format data into multiple strings
`sprintf`	Format data into string or character vector
`strcat`	Concatenar cadenas horizontalmente
`append`	Combine strings

Convertir argumentos de entrada

`convertCharsToStrings`	Convert character arrays to string arrays, leaving other arrays unaltered
`convertStringsToChars`	Convert string arrays to character arrays, leaving other arrays unaltered
`convertContainedStringsToChars`	Convert string arrays at any level of cell array or structure

Convertir entre valores numéricos y cadenas

`double`	Arreglo de doble precisión
`string`	String array
`str2double`	Convert strings to double precision values
`num2str`	Convertir números en un arreglo de caracteres

Determinar tipo y propiedades

Tipo de datos

`ischar`	Determine if input is character array
`iscellstr`	Determine if input is cell array of character vectors
`isstring`	Determine if input is string array
`isStringScalar`	Determine if input is string array with one element

Propiedades de texto

`strlength`	Lengths of strings
`isstrprop`	Determine which characters in input strings are of specified category
`isletter`	Determine which characters are letters
`isspace`	Determine which characters are space characters

Buscar y reemplazar

Buscar

`contains`	Determine if pattern is in strings
`matches`	Determine if pattern matches strings
`count`	Count occurrences of pattern in strings
`endsWith`	Determine if strings end with pattern
`startsWith`	Determine if strings start with pattern
`strfind`	Find strings within other strings
`sscanf`	Read formatted data from strings

Reemplazar

`replace`	Find and replace one or more substrings
`replaceBetween`	Replace substrings between start and end points
`strrep`	Find and replace substrings

Patrones de coincidencia

Creación de patrones

pattern Patterns to search and match text

Patrones de coincidencia de caracteres

`alphanumericsPattern`	Match letter and digit characters
`characterListPattern`	Match characters from list
`digitsPattern`	Match digit characters
`lettersPattern`	Match letter characters
`whitespacePattern`	Match whitespace characters
`wildcardPattern`	Matches as few characters of any type

Reglas de búsqueda de patrones

`optionalPattern`	Make pattern optional to match
`possessivePattern`	Match pattern without backtracking
`caseSensitivePattern`	Match pattern with case sensitivity
`caseInsensitivePattern`	Match pattern regardless of case
`asFewOfPattern`	Match pattern as few times as possible
`asManyOfPattern`	Match pattern as many times as possible

Patrones de límites

`alphanumericBoundary`	Match boundary between alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric characters
`digitBoundary`	Match boundary between digit characters and nondigit characters
`letterBoundary`	Match boundary between letter characters and nonletter characters
`whitespaceBoundary`	Match boundary between whitespace characters and non-whitespace characters
`lineBoundary`	Match start or end of line
`textBoundary`	Match start or end of text
`lookAheadBoundary`	Match boundary before specified pattern
`lookBehindBoundary`	Match boundary following specified pattern

Vista del patrón personalizado

`maskedPattern`	Pattern with specified display name
`namedPattern`	Designate named pattern

Expresiones regulares

`regexp`	Match regular expression (case sensitive)
`regexpi`	Match regular expression (case insensitive)
`regexprep`	Replace text using regular expression
`regexptranslate`	Translate text into regular expression
`regexpPattern`	Pattern that matches specified regular expression

Unir y dividir

`join`	Combine strings
`plus`	Add numbers, append strings
`split`	Split strings at delimiters
`splitlines`	Split strings at newline characters
`strjoin`	Join strings in array
`strsplit`	Split string or character vector at specified delimiter
`strtok`	Selected parts of strings
`extract`	Extract substrings from strings
`extractAfter`	Extract substrings after specified positions
`extractBefore`	Extract substrings before specified positions
`extractBetween`	Extract substrings between start and end points

Editar

`erase`	Delete substrings within strings
`eraseBetween`	Delete substrings between start and end points
`extract`	Extract substrings from strings
`extractAfter`	Extract substrings after specified positions
`extractBefore`	Extract substrings before specified positions
`extractBetween`	Extract substrings between start and end points
`insertAfter`	Insert strings after specified substrings
`insertBefore`	Insert strings before specified substrings
`pad`	Add leading or trailing characters to strings
`strip`	Remove leading and trailing characters from strings
`lower`	Convert strings to lowercase
`upper`	Convert strings to uppercase
`reverse`	Reverse order of characters in strings
`deblank`	Remove trailing whitespace from ends of strings
`strtrim`	Remove leading and trailing whitespace from strings
`strjust`	Justify strings

Comparar

`matches`	Determine if pattern matches strings
`strcmp`	Compare strings
`strcmpi`	Compare strings (case insensitive)
`strncmp`	Compare first `n` characters of strings (case sensitive)
`strncmpi`	Compare first `n` characters of strings (case insensitive)

Temas

Text in String and Character Arrays

Store and manipulate text using either string arrays or character arrays.
Analyze Text Data with String Arrays

This example shows how to analyze text data with string arrays. It shows how to store, split, and sort text, and how to compute and collect statistics for text in a string array.
- Compare Text
- Test for Empty Strings and Missing Values
Formatting Text
Compose character arrays or string arrays that include ordinary text and data formatted to your specification.
Buscar y reemplazar texto

MATLAB proporciona varias funciones para buscar, remplazar o extraer texto en arreglos de cadenas y vectores de caracteres.
Unicode and ASCII Values
MATLAB stores all characters as Unicode characters. Both strings and character vectors use the same encoding. You can convert characters to their Unicode code values, and numbers to characters.
Hexadecimal and Binary Values
Specify hexadecimal and binary values either as literals or as text. Hexadecimal and binary literals are stored as integers. You can convert text representing hexadecimal and binary values to numbers, and numbers to text representations.