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Caracteres y cadenas

Texto en arreglos de caracteres y arreglos de cadenas

Los arreglos de caracteres y los arreglos de cadenas sirven para almacenar datos de texto en MATLAB^®.

Un arreglo de caracteres es una secuencia de caracteres, así como un arreglo numérico es una secuencia de números. Comúnmente, se utiliza para almacenar pequeños fragmentos de texto como vectores de caracteres (por ejemplo, c = 'Hello World').
Un arreglo de cadenas es un contenedor de fragmentos de texto. Los arreglos de cadenas proporcionan un conjunto de funciones para trabajar con texto como datos. A partir de la versión R2017a, es posible crear cadenas con comillas dobles, como str = "Greetings friend". Para convertir datos en arreglos de cadenas, use la función string.

Para obtener más información, consulte Text in String and Character Arrays o vea Uso de arreglos de cadenas para datos de texto.

Funciones

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Crear, concatenar y convertir

Arreglos de cadenas

`string`	Array de cadenas
`strings`	Create string array with no characters
`join`	Combine strings

Arreglos de caracteres

`char`	Array de caracteres
`cellstr`	Convert to cell array of character vectors
`blanks`	Create character array of blanks
`newline`	Create newline character

Arreglos de caracteres o cadenas

`compose`	Format data into multiple strings
`sprintf`	Formatear datos en cadena
`strcat`	Concatenar cadenas horizontalmente
`append`	Combine strings

Convertir argumentos de entrada

`convertCharsToStrings`	Convert character arrays to string arrays, leaving other arrays unaltered
`convertStringsToChars`	Convert string arrays to character arrays, leaving other arrays unaltered
`convertContainedStringsToChars`	Convert string arrays at any level of cell array or structure

Convertir entre valores numéricos y cadenas

`double`	Double-precision arrays
`string`	Array de cadenas
`str2double`	Convert strings to double precision values
`num2str`	Convertir números a array de caracteres

Determinar tipo y propiedades

Tipo de datos

`ischar`	Determine if input is character array
`iscellstr`	Determine if input is cell array of character vectors
`isstring`	Determine if input is string array
`isStringScalar`	Determine if input is string array with one element

Propiedades de texto

`strlength`	Lengths of strings
`isstrprop`	Determine which characters in input strings are of specified category
`isletter`	Determine which characters are letters
`isspace`	Determine which characters are space characters

Buscar y reemplazar

Buscar

`contains`	Determine if pattern is in strings
`matches`	Determine if pattern matches strings
`count`	Count occurrences of pattern in strings
`endsWith`	Determine if strings end with pattern
`startsWith`	Determine if strings start with pattern
`strfind`	Encontrar una cadena dentro de otro
`sscanf`	Read formatted data from strings

Reemplazar

`replace`	Find and replace one or more substrings
`replaceBetween`	Replace substrings between start and end points
`strrep`	Find and replace substrings

Unir y dividir

`join`	Combine strings
`split`	Split strings at delimiters
`splitlines`	Split strings at newline characters
`strjoin`	Join strings in array
`strsplit`	Cadena dividida en delimitador especificado
`strtok`	Selected parts of strings

Editar

`erase`	Delete substrings within strings
`eraseBetween`	Delete substrings between start and end points
`extractAfter`	Extract substrings after specified positions
`extractBefore`	Extract substrings before specified positions
`extractBetween`	Extract substrings between start and end points
`insertAfter`	Insert strings after specified substrings
`insertBefore`	Insert strings before specified substrings
`pad`	Add leading or trailing characters to strings
`strip`	Remove leading and trailing characters from strings
`lower`	Convert strings to lowercase
`upper`	Convert strings to uppercase
`reverse`	Reverse order of characters in strings
`deblank`	Remove trailing whitespace from ends of strings
`strtrim`	Remove leading and trailing whitespace from strings
`strjust`	Justify strings

Comparar

`strcmp`	Comparar cadenas
`strcmpi`	Compare strings (case insensitive)
`strncmp`	Compare first `n` characters of strings (case sensitive)
`strncmpi`	Compare first `n` characters of strings (case insensitive)

Expresiones regulares

`regexp`	Match regular expression (case sensitive)
`regexpi`	Match regular expression (case insensitive)
`regexprep`	Replace text using regular expression
`regexptranslate`	Translate text into regular expression

Temas

Text in String and Character Arrays

Store and manipulate text using either string arrays or character arrays.

Update Your Code to Accept Strings

Adopt string arrays as a text data type in your own code, following these guidelines.

Analyze Text Data with String Arrays

This example shows how to analyze text data with string arrays. It shows how to store, split, and sort text, and how to compute and collect statistics for text in a string array.

Test for Empty Strings and Missing Values
Search and Replace Text
Compare Text

Formatting Text

Compose character arrays or string arrays that include ordinary text and data formatted to your specification.

Hexadecimal and Binary Values

Specify hexadecimal and binary values either as literals or as text. Hexadecimal and binary literals are stored as integers. You can convert text representing hexadecimal and binary values to numbers, and numbers to text representations.

Unicode and ASCII Values

MATLAB stores all characters as Unicode characters. Both strings and character vectors use the same encoding. You can convert characters to their Unicode code values, and numbers to characters.

Expresiones regulares

Las expresiones regulares son una forma versátil de buscar y reemplazar texto.