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rcosdesign

Raised cosine FIR pulse-shaping filter design

Sintaxis

b = rcosdesign(beta,span,sps)

b = rcosdesign(beta,span,sps,shape)

Descripción

b = rcosdesign(beta,span,sps) returns the coefficients, b, that correspond to a square-root raised cosine FIR filter with rolloff factor specified by beta. The filter is truncated to span symbols, and each symbol period contains sps samples. The order of the filter, sps*span, must be even. The filter energy is 1.

b = rcosdesign(beta,span,sps,shape) returns a square-root raised cosine filter when you set shape to 'sqrt' and a normal raised cosine FIR filter when you set shape to 'normal'.

Ejemplos

Design a Square-Root Raised Cosine Filter

Specify a rolloff factor of 0.25. Truncate the filter to 6 symbols and represent each symbol with 4 samples. Verify that 'sqrt' is the default value of the shape parameter.

h = rcosdesign(0.25,6,4);
mx = max(abs(h-rcosdesign(0.25,6,4,'sqrt')))

mx = 0

fvtool(h,'Analysis','impulse')

Impulse Responses of Normal and Square-Root Raised Cosine Filters

Compare a normal raised cosine filter with a square-root cosine filter. An ideal (infinite-length) normal raised cosine pulse-shaping filter is equivalent to two ideal square-root raised cosine filters in cascade. Thus, the impulse response of an FIR normal filter should resemble that of a square-root filter convolved with itself.

Create a normal raised cosine filter with rolloff 0.25. Specify that this filter span 4 symbols with 3 samples per symbol.

rf = 0.25;
span = 4;
sps = 3;

h1 = rcosdesign(rf,span,sps,'normal');
fvtool(h1,'impulse')

The normal filter has zero crossings at integer multiples of sps. It thus satisfies Nyquist's criterion for zero intersymbol interference. The square-root filter, however, does not:

h2 = rcosdesign(rf,span,sps,'sqrt');
fvtool(h2,'impulse')

Convolve the square-root filter with itself. Truncate the impulse response outward from the maximum so it has the same length as h1. Normalize the response using the maximum. Then, compare the convolved square-root filter to the normal filter.

h3 = conv(h2,h2);
p2 = ceil(length(h3)/2);
m2 = ceil(p2-length(h1)/2);
M2 = floor(p2+length(h1)/2);
ct = h3(m2:M2);

stem([h1/max(abs(h1));ct/max(abs(ct))]','filled')
xlabel('Samples')
ylabel('Normalized amplitude')
legend('h1','h2 * h2')

The convolved response does not coincide with the normal filter because of its finite length. Increase span to obtain closer agreement between the responses and better compliance with the Nyquist criterion.

Pass a Signal through a Raised Cosine Filter

This example shows how to pass a signal through a square-root, raised cosine filter.

Specify the filter parameters.

rolloff = 0.25;     % Rolloff factor
span = 6;           % Filter span in symbols
sps = 4;            % Samples per symbol

Generate the square-root, raised cosine filter coefficients.

b = rcosdesign(rolloff, span, sps);

Create a vector of bipolar data.

d = 2*randi([0 1], 100, 1) - 1;

Upsample and filter the data for pulse shaping.

x = upfirdn(d, b, sps);

Add noise.

r = x + randn(size(x))*0.01;

Filter and downsample the received signal for matched filtering.

y = upfirdn(r, b, 1, sps);

Interpolate and Decimate Using RRC Filter

This example shows how to interpolate and decimate signals using square-root, raised cosine filters designed with the rcosdesign function. This example requires the Communications Toolbox™ software.

Define the square-root raised cosine filter parameters. Define the signal constellation parameters.

rolloff = 0.25; % Filter rolloff
span = 6;       % Filter span
sps = 4;        % Samples per symbol
M = 4;          % Size of the signal constellation
k = log2(M);    % Number of bits per symbol

Generate the coefficients of the square-root raised cosine filter using the rcosdesign function.

rrcFilter = rcosdesign(rolloff, span, sps);

Generate 10000 data symbols using the randi function.

data = randi([0 M-1], 10000, 1);

Apply PSK modulation to the data symbols. Because the constellation size is 4, the modulation type is QPSK.

modData = pskmod(data, M, pi/4);

Using the upfirdn function, upsample and filter the input data.

txSig = upfirdn(modData, rrcFilter, sps);

Convert the Eb/N0 to SNR and then pass the signal through an AWGN channel.

EbNo = 7;
snr = EbNo + 10*log10(k) - 10*log10(sps);
rxSig = awgn(txSig, snr, 'measured');

Filter and downsample the received signal. Remove a portion of the signal to account for the filter delay.

rxFilt = upfirdn(rxSig, rrcFilter, 1, sps);
rxFilt = rxFilt(span+1:end-span);

Create a scatterplot of the modulated data using the first 5000 symbols.

hScatter = scatterplot(sqrt(sps)* ...
    rxSig(1:sps*5000),...
    sps,0,'g.');
hold on
scatterplot(rxFilt(1:5000),1,0,'kx',hScatter)
title('Received Signal, Before and After Filtering')
legend('Before Filtering','After Filtering')
axis([-3 3 -3 3]) % Set axis ranges
hold off

Argumentos de entrada

beta — Rolloff factor

real nonnegative scalar

Rolloff factor, specified as a real nonnegative scalar not greater than 1. The rolloff factor determines the excess bandwidth of the filter. Zero rolloff corresponds to a brick-wall filter and unit rolloff to a pure raised cosine.

Tipos de datos: double | single

span — Number of symbols

positive scalar

Number of symbols, specified as a positive integer scalar.

Tipos de datos: double | single

sps — Samples per symbol

positive integer scalar

Number of samples per symbol (oversampling factor), specified as a positive integer scalar.

Tipos de datos: double | single

shape — Shape of the raised cosine window

'sqrt' (predeterminado) | 'normal'

Shape of the raised cosine window, specified as either 'normal' or 'sqrt'.

Output Arguments

b — FIR filter coefficients

row vector

Raised cosine filter coefficients, returned as a row vector.

Tipos de datos: double | single

Sugerencias

• If you have a license for Communications Toolbox™ software, you can perform multirate raised cosine filtering with streaming behavior. To do so, use the System object™ filters, comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter and comm.RaisedCosineReceiveFilter.

Referencias

[1] Tranter, William H., K. Sam Shanmugan, Theodore S. Rappaport, and Kurt L. Kosbar. Principles of Communication Systems Simulation with Wireless Applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2004.

Capacidades ampliadas

Generación de código C/C++

Generar código C y C++ utilizando MATLAB® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

All inputs must be constant. Expressions or variables are allowed if their values do not change.

Consulte también

gaussdesign

Introducido en R2013b