gagerr
Gage repeatability and reproducibility study
Syntax
Description
gagerr(___,
specifies
options using one or more name-value arguments in addition to any of the input argument
combinations in the previous syntaxes. For example, you can specify whether to display a bar
graph of results, and set the specification limits for the precision-to-tolerance ratio
(PTR) calculation.Name=Value
)
additionally
returns the numeric matrix results
= gagerr(___)results
, which contains the study
results.
Examples
Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility Study
Simulate a measurement data set by randomly generating 100 measurements y
of three parts. Each measurement is collected by one of four randomly assigned operators.
rng(1234,"twister"); % For reproducibility n = 100; y = randn(n,1); part = randi([1,3],1,n); operator = randi([1,4],1,n);
Perform a Gage repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) study on this data set using a mixed ANOVA model without interactions.
gagerr(y,{part,operator},RandomOperator=false)
{'Source' } {'Variance'} {'% Variance'} {'sigma' } {'5.15*sigma'} {'% 5.15*sigma'} {'Gage R&R' } {[ 0.9535]} {[ 99.2515]} {[0.9765]} {[ 5.0288]} {[ 99.6250]} {' Repeatability' } {[ 0.9535]} {[ 99.2515]} {[0.9765]} {[ 5.0288]} {[ 99.6250]} {' Reproducibility'} {[ 0]} {[ 0]} {[ 0]} {[ 0]} {[ 0]} {'Part' } {[ 0.0072]} {[ 0.7485]} {[0.0848]} {[ 0.4367]} {[ 8.6518]} {'Total' } {[ 0.9607]} {[ 100]} {[0.9801]} {[ 5.0477]} {0x0 char } Number of distinct categories (NDC):0 % of Gage R&R of total variations (PRR): 99.63 Note: The last column of the above table does not have to sum to 100%
The software displays information and a bar graph summarizing the study results. Each row of the table contains statistics for a different source of variability in the measurement data. In this data set, the dominant source of variability is repeatability (the variation in the measurement value on the same part, obtained by the same operator). This source is responsible for 99.25% of the total measurement variance, and 99.63% of the total measurement standard deviation. The number of distinct categories is 0, indicating that the measurement system is not capable of distinguishing any groups within the measurement data.
Input Arguments
y
— Measurements
numeric column vector
Measurements, specified as a numeric column vector.
Data Types: single
| double
part
— Parts
categorical array | character array | string array | logical column vector | numeric column vector | cell array of character vectors
Parts, specified as a categorical, character, or string array, a logical or numeric
column vector, or a cell array of character vectors. part
must have
the same size as y
. Each element of part
contains an identifier for the part associated with the corresponding measurement in
y
.
Data Types: categorical
| char
| string
| logical
| single
| double
| cell
operator
— Operators
categorical array | character array | string array | logical column vector | numeric column vector | cell array of character vectors
Operators, specified as a categorical, character, or string array, a logical or
numeric column vector, or a cell array of character vectors.
operator
must have the same size as y
. Each
element of operator
contains an identifier for the operator that
collects the corresponding measurement in y
.
Data Types: categorical
| char
| string
| logical
| single
| double
| cell
group
— Parts and operators
n
-by-2 numeric matrix
Parts and operators, specified as an n
-by-2 numeric matrix, where
n
is the length of y
. The first and second
columns of group
contain numeric identifiers for the part and
operator, respectively, corresponding to the measurements in
y
.
Data Types: single
| double
ax
— Target axes
Axes
object
Axes for the plot, specified as an Axes
object. If you do not
specify ax
, then gagerr
creates the plot
using the current axes. For more information on creating an Axes
object, see axes
.
Name-Value Arguments
Specify optional pairs of arguments as
Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN
, where Name
is
the argument name and Value
is the corresponding value.
Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the
pairs does not matter.
Example: results=gagerr(y,group,PrintTable="off")
specifies to
suppress the display of command-line output.
Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose
Name
in quotes.
Model
— ANOVA model type
"linear" (default) | "interaction" | "nested"
ANOVA model type, specified as one of the values in this table.
Value | Description |
---|---|
"linear" (default) | Main effects only |
"interaction" | Main effects plus two-factor interactions between
operator and part |
"nested" | operator is nested in part .
Use this model when operators are assigned to specific parts, and the
operators measure only those specific parts. For more information, see Other ANOVA Models. |
If you specify "linear"
or
"interaction"
, gagerr
calls the anovan
function with the specified value of Model
.
If you specify "nested"
, gagerr
calls
anovan
with model
="linear"
and nested
=[0 0; 1
0]
.
If you specify part
but do not specify
operator
in the call to gagerr
, you cannot
specify "interaction"
or "nested"
.
Example: Model="interaction"
Data Types: char
| string
RandomOperator
— Indicator for random operators
true
or 1
(default) | false
or 0
Spec
— Lower and upper specification limits
[]
(default) | two-element numeric vector
Lower and upper specification limits, specified as a two-element numeric vector.
If you specify Spec
, the software computes the
precision-to-tolerance ratio (PTR) using the formula , where σGRR is the Gage R&R standard
deviation, and S1 and S2 are the first
and second elements of Spec
, respectively. If you do not specify
Spec
, PTR is NaN
. For more information about
PTR, see Gage R&R
Study.
Example: Spec=[0.1 0.9]
Data Types: single
| double
PrintTable
— Flag to display results output
"on" (default) | "off"
Flag to display the results output, specified as "on"
or
"off"
. For more information about the results output, see Gage R&R
Study.
Example: PrintTable="off"
Data Types: char
| string
PrintGraph
— Flag to display bar graph of results
"on" (default) | "off"
Flag to display a bar graph of the results, specified as "on"
or "off"
. For more information about the bar graph results, see
Gage R&R
Study.
Example: PrintGraph="off"
Data Types: char
| string
Output Arguments
results
— Study results
6-by-5 numeric matrix
Study results, returned as a 6-by-5 numeric matrix where the rows contain metrics
for individual sources of variability in the measurement system. The rows of
results
are described below.
Row | Description |
---|---|
Gage R&R | Total measurement variation due to repeatability and reproducibility sources |
Repeatability | Variation in the measurements of the same part, collected by the same operator |
Reproducibility | Variation in the measurements of the same part, collected by different operators |
Operator | Variation in the measurements collected by the same operator |
Part*Operator | Variation in the measurements due to the two-factor interactions of parts
and operators. The variation is zero unless Model is
"interaction" . |
Part-to-part | Variation among the set of parts |
The columns of results
are described
below.
Column | Description |
---|---|
Source | Variability source |
Variance | Variance |
% Variance | Percentage of the total variance |
sigma | Standard deviation (square root of the variance) |
5.15*sigma | Study variance, which is 5.15 times the standard deviation |
% 5.15*sigma | Percentage of the total study variance |
stats
— Summary statistics
structure
Summary statistics, returned as a structure with these fields:
ndc
— Number of distinct categoriesprr
— Percentage of Gage R&R of total variationsptr
— Precision-to-tolerance ratio
If you do not specify Spec
, then
ptr
is NaN
. For more information on the summary
statistics, see Gage R&R
Study.
More About
Gage R&R Study
A Gage repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) study uses one- or two-way analysis
of variance (see anovan
) to assess the precision of a measurement
system. In a typical system, a group of operators use gages to obtain multiple measurements
of a set of items (parts) under the same conditions, if possible. If a system has high
precision, the measurements of an individual part are narrowly scattered around a single
value. There are several possible sources of variability in a measurement system.
Variability Source | Description |
---|---|
Repeatability | Variation in the measurements of the same part, collected by the same operator |
Operator | Variation in the measurements collected by the same operator |
Part*Operator | Variation in the measurements due to the interactions of parts and operators |
Reproducibility | Sum of Operator and Part*Operator |
Gage R&R | Total measurement variation due to repeatability and reproducibility |
Part-to-part | Variation among the set of parts. |
The total variability in a measurement system is the sum of Gage R&R variability and part-to-part variability.
Each of the variability sources can be characterized by a statistical metric. Common metrics are the variance, standard deviation (square root of the variance), percentage of the total variance, and percentage of the total standard deviation. The study variance is a measure of all variability in the measurement system due to repeatability and reproducibility, and is defined as 5.15 times the Gage R&R standard deviation. The factor 5.15 corresponds to the number of standard deviations that span the middle 99% of a normally distributed population.
Three common summary metrics describe the capability of a measurement system to distinguish the parts from each other, based on the measurement data:
The number of distinct categories (NDC) is a measure of how many groups the system can distinguish within the measurement data. NDC is equal to times the ratio of part-to-part standard deviation to Gage R&R standard deviation. An NDC value of 5 or larger is indicative of a capable measurement system. A system with an NDC value smaller than 2 is not capable. For example, if a measurement system has NDC=3, the measurements can be divided into three groups, such as low, middle, and high.
The percentage of Gage R&R of total variations (PRR) is the fraction of the total standard deviation that is due to Gage R&R variability. In general, a system with PRR less than 10% is capable, while a PRR value greater than 30% indicates that the system is not capable.
The precision-to-tolerance ratio (PTR) compares the variability in the measurement system to the specified tolerance (
Spec
). In general, a system with PTR less than 0.1 is capable, while a PTR value greater than 0.3 indicates that the system is not capable. For example, if the lower and upper specification limits for the set of parts are 1 and 20, respectively, and the standard deviation of the measurements due to Gage R&R is 0.3, the PTR value is 0.08, indicating a capable system.
References
[1] Burdick, Richard K., Connie M. Borror, and Douglas C. Montgomery. Design and Analysis of Gauge R&R Studies: Making Decisions with Confidence Intervals in Random and Mixed ANOVA Models. ASA-SIAM Series on Statistics and Applied Probability. Philadelphia, Pa. : Alexandria, Va: Society for Industrial Applied Mathematics ; American Statistical Association, 2005.
Version History
Introduced in R2006bR2024a: Specify target axes
Specify the target axes for the plot by using the ax
input
argument.
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