resubPredict

Classify observations in classification ensemble by resubstitution

Syntax

label = resubPredict(ens)

label = resubPredict(ens,Name=Value)

[label,score] = resubPredict(ens,___)

Description

label = resubPredict(ens) returns a vector of predicted class labels for the trained classification ensemble model ens using the predictor data stored in ens.X. label has the same data type as the training response data ens.Y, and the same number of entries as the number of rows in ens.X.

label = resubPredict(ens,Name=Value) specifies additional options using by one or more name-value arguments. For example, you can specify the indices of trained weak learners to use for calculating the loss, and whether to run computations in parallel.

[label,score] = resubPredict(ens,___) additionally returns the scores for all classes, using any of the input argument combinations in the previous syntaxes.

Examples

Find Number of Ensemble Misclassifications

Find the total number of misclassifications of the fisheriris data for a classification ensemble.

Load the Fisher iris data set.

load fisheriris

Train an ensemble of 100 boosted classification trees using AdaBoostM2.

t = templateTree(MaxNumSplits=1); % Weak learner template tree object
ens = fitcensemble(meas,species,"Method","AdaBoostM2","Learners",t);

Find the total number of misclassifications.

Ypredict = resubPredict(ens); % The predictions
Ysame = strcmp(Ypredict,species); % True when Ypredict and species are equal
sum(~Ysame) % Number of different predictions

ans = 
5

Input Arguments

ens — Classification ensemble model

ClassificationEnsemble model object | ClassificationBaggedEnsemble model object

Classification ensemble model, specified as a ClassificationEnsemble or ClassificationBaggedEnsemble model object trained with fitcensemble.

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: resubPredict(ens,Learners=[1 2 3 5],UseParallel=true) specifies to use the first, second, third, and fifth learners in the ensemble in resubPredict, and to perform computations in parallel.

Learners — Indices of weak learners

[1:ens.NumTrained] (default) | vector of positive integers

Indices of the weak learners in the ensemble to use with resubPredict, specified as a vector of positive integers in the range [1:ens.NumTrained]. By default, the function uses all learners.

Example: Learners=[1 2 4]

Data Types: single | double

UseParallel — Flag to run in parallel

false or 0 (default) | true or 1

Flag to run in parallel, specified as a numeric or logical 1 (true) or 0 (false). If you specify UseParallel=true, the resubPredict function executes for-loop iterations by using parfor. The loop runs in parallel when you have Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Example: UseParallel=true

Data Types: logical

Output Arguments

label — Predicted class labels

categorical array | character array | logical vector | numeric vector | cell array of character vectors

Predicted class labels, returned as a categorical or character array, logical or numeric vector, or cell array of character vectors.

label has the same data type as ens.ClassNames and the same number of rows as ens.X.

score — Classification scores

numeric matrix

Classification scores, returned as an N-by-K numeric matrix, where N is the number of rows in ens.X, and K is the number of classes in ens. A high score value indicates that an observation likely belongs to the corresponding class.

More About

Score (ensemble)

For ensembles, a classification score represents the confidence of a classification into a class. The higher the score, the higher the confidence.

Different ensemble algorithms have different definitions for their scores. Furthermore, the range of scores depends on ensemble type. For example:

• AdaBoostM1 scores range from –∞ to ∞.

• Bag scores range from 0 to 1.

Extended Capabilities

Automatic Parallel Support

Accelerate code by automatically running computation in parallel using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

To run in parallel, set the UseParallel name-value argument to true in the call to this function.

For more general information about parallel computing, see Run MATLAB Functions with Automatic Parallel Support (Parallel Computing Toolbox).

You cannot use UseParallel with GPU arrays.

GPU Arrays

Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Usage notes and limitations:

• You cannot use UseParallel with GPU arrays.

For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions on a GPU (Parallel Computing Toolbox).

Version History

Introduced in R2011a

R2023b: Observations with missing predictor values are used in resubstitution and cross-validation computations

Starting in R2023b, the following classification model object functions use observations with missing predictor values as part of resubstitution ("resub") and cross-validation ("kfold") computations for classification edges, losses, margins, and predictions.

Model Type	Model Objects	Object Functions
Discriminant analysis classification model	ClassificationDiscriminant	resubEdge, resubLoss, resubMargin, resubPredict
	ClassificationPartitionedModel	kfoldEdge, kfoldLoss, kfoldMargin, kfoldPredict
Ensemble of discriminant analysis learners for classification	ClassificationEnsemble	resubEdge, resubLoss, resubMargin, resubPredict
	ClassificationPartitionedEnsemble	kfoldEdge, kfoldLoss, kfoldMargin, kfoldPredict
Gaussian kernel classification model	ClassificationPartitionedKernel	kfoldEdge, kfoldLoss, kfoldMargin, kfoldPredict
	ClassificationPartitionedKernelECOC	kfoldEdge, kfoldLoss, kfoldMargin, kfoldPredict
Linear classification model	ClassificationPartitionedLinear	kfoldEdge, kfoldLoss, kfoldMargin, kfoldPredict
	ClassificationPartitionedLinearECOC	kfoldEdge, kfoldLoss, kfoldMargin, kfoldPredict
Neural network classification model	ClassificationNeuralNetwork	resubEdge, resubLoss, resubMargin, resubPredict
	ClassificationPartitionedModel	kfoldEdge, kfoldLoss, kfoldMargin, kfoldPredict
Support vector machine (SVM) classification model	ClassificationSVM	resubEdge, resubLoss, resubMargin, resubPredict
	ClassificationPartitionedModel	kfoldEdge, kfoldLoss, kfoldMargin, kfoldPredict

In previous releases, the software omitted observations with missing predictor values from the resubstitution and cross-validation computations.