Raised Cosine Receive Filter

Apply pulse shaping by downsampling signal using raised cosine FIR filter

Library

Comm Filters

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Description

The Raised Cosine Receive Filter block filters the input signal using a normal raised cosine FIR filter or a square root raised cosine FIR filter. It also downsamples the filtered signal if you set the Output mode parameter to Downsampling. The FIR Decimation block implements this functionality. The block icon shows the impulse response of the filter.

Characteristics of the Filter

Characteristics of the raised cosine filter are the same as in the Raised Cosine Transmit Filter block, except that the length of the filter's input response has a slightly different expression:  L * Filter span in symbols + 1, where L is the value of the Input samples per symbol parameter (not the Output samples per symbol parameter, as in the case of the Raised Cosine Transmit Filter block).

The block normalizes the filter coefficients to unit energy. If you specify a Linear amplitude filter gain other than 1, then the block scales the normalized filter coefficients using the gain value you specify.

Decimating the Filtered Signal

To have the block decimate the filtered signal, set the Decimation factor parameter to a value greater than 1.

If K represents the Decimation factor parameter value, then the block retains 1/K of the samples, choosing them as follows:

• If the Decimation offset parameter is zero, then the block selects the samples of the filtered signal indexed by 1, K+1, 2*K+1, 3*K+1, etc.

• If the Decimation offset parameter is a positive integer less than M, then the block initially discards that number of samples from the filtered signal and downsamples the remaining data as in the previous case.

To preserve the entire filtered signal and avoid decimation, set Decimation factor to 1. This setting is appropriate, for example, when the output from the filter block forms the input to a timing phase recovery block such as Symbol Synchronizer. The timing phase recovery block performs the downsampling in that case.

Input Signals and Output Signals

This block accepts a column vector or matrix input signal. For information about the data types each block port supports, see the Supported Data Type table on this page.

If you set Decimation factor to 1, then the input and output signals share the same sampling mode, sample time, and vector length.

If you set Decimation factor to K, which is greater than 1, then K and the input sampling mode determine characteristics of the output signal:

Single-Rate Processing

When you set the Rate options parameter to Enforce single-rate processing, the input and output of the block have the same sample rate. To generate the output while maintaining the input sample rate, the block resamples the data in each column of the input such that the frame size of the output (M_o) is 1/K times that of the input (M_o = M_i/K), In this mode, the input frame size, M_i, must be a multiple of K.

Multirate Processing

When you set the Rate options parameter to Allow multirate processing, the input and output of the block are the same size, but the sample rate of the output is K times slower than that of the input. When the block is in multirate processing mode, you must also specify a value for the Input processing parameter:

• When you set the Input processing parameter to Elements as channels (sample based), the block treats an M-by-N matrix input as M*N independent channels, and processes each channel over time. The output sample period (T_so) is K times longer than the input sample period (T_so = K*T_si), and the input and output sizes are identical.

• When you set the Input processing parameter to Columns as channels (frame based), the block treats an M_i-by-N matrix input as N independent channels. The block processes each column of the input over time by keeping the frame size constant (M_i=M_o), and making the output frame period (T_fo) K times longer than the input frame period (T_fo = K*T_fi).

Exporting Filter Coefficients to the MATLAB Workspace

To examine or manipulate the coefficients of the filter that this block designs, select Export filter coefficients to workspace. Then set the Coefficient variable name parameter to the name of a variable that you want the block to create in the MATLAB^® workspace. Running the simulation causes the block to create the variable, overwriting any previous contents in case the variable already exists.

Latency

For information pertaining to the latency of the block, see details in FIR Decimation.

Parameters

Filter shape

Specify the filter shape as Square root or Normal.

Rolloff factor

Specify the rolloff factor of the filter. Use a real number between 0 and 1.

Filter span in symbols

Specify the number of symbols the filter spans as an even, integer-valued positive scalar. The default is 10. Because the ideal raised cosine filter has an infinite impulse response, the block truncates the impulse response to the number of symbols that this parameter specifies.

Input samples per symbol

An integer greater than 1 representing the number of samples that represent one symbol in the input signal.

Decimation factor

Specify the decimation factor the block applies to the input signal. The output samples per symbol equals the value of the input samples per symbol divided by the decimation factor. If the decimation factor is one, then the block only applies filtering. There is no decimation.

Decimation offset

Specify the decimation offset in samples. Use a value between 0 and Decimation factor -1.

Linear amplitude filter gain

Specify a positive scalar value that the block uses to scale the filter coefficients. By default, the block normalizes filter coefficients to provide unit energy gain. If you specify a gain other than 1, the block scales the normalized filter coefficients using the gain value you specify.

Input processing

Specify how the block processes the input signal. You can set this parameter to one of the following options:

• Columns as channels (frame based) — When you select this option, the block treats each column of the input as a separate channel.

• Elements as channels (sample based) — When you select this option, the block treats each element of the input as a separate channel.

Rate options

Specify the method by which the block should filter and downsample the input signal. You can select one of the following options:

• Enforce single-rate processing — When you select this option, the block maintains the input sample rate and processes the signal by decreasing the output frame size by a factor of K. To select this option, you must set the Input processing parameter to Columns as channels (frame based).

• Allow multirate processing — When you select this option, the block processes the signal such that the output sample rate is K times slower than the input sample rate.

Export filter coefficients to workspace

Select this check box to create a variable in the MATLAB workspace that contains the filter coefficients.

Coefficient variable name

The name of the variable to create in the MATLAB workspace. This field appears only if Export filter coefficients to workspace is selected.

Visualize filter with FVTool

If you click this button, then MATLAB launches the Filter Visualization Tool, fvtool, to analyze the raised cosine filter whenever you apply any changes to the block's parameters. If you launch fvtool for the filter, and subsequently change parameters in the mask, fvtool will not update. You will need to launch a new fvtool in order to see the new filter characteristics. Also note that if you have launched fvtool, then it will remain open even after the model is closed.

Rounding mode

Select the rounding mode for fixed-point operations. The block uses the Rounding mode when the result of a fixed-point calculation does not map exactly to a number representable by the data type and scaling storing the result. The filter coefficients do not obey this parameter; they always round to Nearest. For more information, see Rounding Modes or Rounding Mode: Simplest (Fixed-Point Designer).

Saturate on integer overflow

Select the overflow mode for fixed-point operations. The filter coefficients do not obey this parameter; they are always saturated.

Coefficients

Choose how you specify the word length and the fraction length of the filter coefficients (numerator and/or denominator).

See the Coefficients section of the FIR Decimation help page and Filter Structure Diagrams for illustrations depicting the use of the coefficient data types in this block:

See the Coefficients subsection of the Digital Filter help page for descriptions of parameter settings.

• When you select Same word length as input, the word length of the filter coefficients match that of the input to the block. In this mode, the fraction length of the coefficients is automatically set to the binary-point only scaling that provides you with the best precision possible given the value and word length of the coefficients.

• When you select Specify word length, you are able to enter the word length of the coefficients, in bits. In this mode, the fraction length of the coefficients is automatically set to the binary-point only scaling that provides you with the best precision possible given the value and word length of the coefficients.

• When you select Binary point scaling, you are able to enter the word length and the fraction length of the coefficients, in bits. If applicable, you are able to enter separate fraction lengths for the numerator and denominator coefficients.

• When you select Slope and bias scaling, you are able to enter the word length, in bits, and the slope of the coefficients. If applicable, you are able to enter separate slopes for the numerator and denominator coefficients. This block requires power-of-two slope and a bias of zero.

• The filter coefficients do not obey the Rounding mode and the Saturate on integer overflow parameters; they are always saturated and rounded to Nearest.

Product output

Use this parameter to specify how you would like to designate the product output word and fraction lengths. See Filter Structure Diagrams and Multiplication Data Types for illustrations depicting the use of the product output data type in this block:

• When you select Same as input, these characteristics match those of the input to the block.

• When you select Binary point scaling, you are able to enter the word length and the fraction length of the product output, in bits.

• When you select Slope and bias scaling, you are able to enter the word length, in bits, and the slope of the product output. This block requires power-of-two slope and a bias of zero.

Accumulator

Use this parameter to specify how you would like to designate the accumulator word and fraction lengths. See Filter Structure Diagrams and Multiplication Data Types for illustrations depicting the use of the accumulator data type in this block:

• When you select Same as input, these characteristics match those of the input to the block.

• When you select Same as product output, these characteristics match those of the product output.

• When you select Binary point scaling, you are able to enter the word length and the fraction length of the accumulator, in bits.

• When you select Slope and bias scaling, you are able to enter the word length, in bits, and the slope of the accumulator. This block requires power-of-two slope and a bias of zero.

Output

Choose how you specify the output word length and fraction length:

• When you select Same as input, these characteristics match those of the input to the block.

• When you select Same as accumulator, these characteristics match those of the accumulator.

• When you select Binary point scaling, you are able to enter the word length and the fraction length of the output, in bits.

• When you select Slope and bias scaling, you are able to enter the word length, in bits, and the slope of the output. This block requires power-of-two slope and a bias of zero.

Lock data type settings against changes by the fixed-point tools

Select this parameter to prevent any fixed-point scaling you specify in this block mask from being overridden by the autoscaling tool in the Fixed-Point Tool.

Supported Data Type

Port	Supported Data Types
In	Double-precision floating point Single-precision floating point Signed fixed-point
Out	Double-precision floating point Single-precision floating point Signed fixed-point

Pair Block

Raised Cosine Transmit Filter

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Generated code relies on memcpy or memset functions (string.h) under certain conditions.

This block supports SIMD code generation using Intel AVX2 technology under these conditions:

• Input processing is set to Columns as channels (frame based).

• Rate options is set to Enforce single-rate processing.

• Input signal is real-valued with real filter coefficients.

• Input signal is complex-valued with real or complex filter coefficients.

• Input signal has a data type of single or double.

The SIMD technology significantly improves the performance of the generated code. For details, see Generate SIMD Code from Simulink Blocks (Embedded Coder).

HDL Code Generation

Generate Verilog and VHDL code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.

HDL Coder™ provides additional configuration options that affect HDL implementation and synthesized logic.

This block is a subsystem that contains a FIR Decimation block. You can set HDL Properties on the subsystem, or you can look under the mask and set HDL Properties on the filter block. See the "HDL Code Generation" section of the Subsystem, Atomic Subsystem, CodeReuse Subsystem (Simulink) and FIR Decimation block reference pages for a list of properties.

To save setting changes under the mask, you must break the library link. To break the library link, select the Raised Cosine Receive Filter block and execute this command.

set_param(gcb,'LinkStatus','inactive')

Version History

Introduced before R2006a